THE RIS UNDER SCRUTINY

METHODOLOGICAL DEBATE ON THE ‘REGIONAL INNOVATION SCOREBOARD’.

Ranking in accordance with the bottleneck penalisation 6.1

It can be seen that the problem of bottlenecks is not generally important in the Spanish re- gions. If we compare the RIS ranking (column 2) to the RIS ranking penalised by bottlenecks (column 5), only La Rioja, Extremadura and the Balearic Islands drop one or two places. This contrasts with other European regions in Greece, Croatia, Italy and even the United Kingdom, where the results show greater bot- tlenecks. The case of the Basque Country, Navarre and Catalonia is particularly worthy of note, moving up around twenty places when controlling for the effect of bottlenecks. This is because they have fewer bottlenecks than some regions that are better positioned in the RIS ranking. Table 13 shows the bottleneck in each Spanish region and the degree to which it penalises its respective RIS. It can be seen that business R&D expenditure is clearly the biggest bottle- neck for Spanish regions. The most penalised

With the penalised indicators, we can recal - culate the RIS and obtain a new ranking that takes into account any bottlenecks in the regional innovation system. Table 12 shows this new ranking for the Spanish Regions (Col- umn 5). As can be seen, it accompanies those

prepared in previous chapters, namely the one provided by the European Commission in its 2021 RIS, based on the robust RIS and the efficiency RIS respectively. The results for all European regions are shown in Annex II. (TABLE 12)

region is the Balearic Islands, whose RIS is reduced by 16.2% (i.e. its penalised index is 83.2% of its RIS before penalisation). In con - trast, Catalonia only reduces its index by 7.1% after penalisation, although its bottleneck is re- lated to the formation of innovation networks. (TABLE 13)

TABLE 12

The RIS and bottlenecks in the Spanish regions

Note: The robust RIS indicates the number of regions that have a significantly higher RIS than the region in question; the efficiency RIS indicates the number of regions that are more efficient than the region in question; penalised RIS I indicates the RIS ranking, penalising its indicators due to bottle - necks. The number of Spanish regions are shown in brackets. Source: Drafted in-house based on European Union (2021b)

TABLE 13

Bottlenecks in the Spanish regions

SPANISH REGIONS

RANKINGS

Source: Drafted in-house based on European Union (2021b)

PENALISATION (% OF RIS)

SPANISH REGIONS

BOTTLENECK

RIS

ROBUST RIS

EFFICIENCY RIS PENALISED I RIS

Andalusia Aragon Asturias

175 (13) 150 (6) 167 (11) 176 (14) 200 (17) 169 (12) 184 (15) 159 (9) 110 (3) 186 (16) 153 (8) 151 (7) 102 (2) 161 (10) 112 (4) 97 (1) 132 (5)

Business R&D expenditure Business R&D expenditure Trademark applications Business R&D expenditure Patent applications

155 (14) 112 (7) 134 (11) 148 (13) 179 (17) 136 (12) 159 (15) 127 (10) 50 (3) 163 (16) 124 (8) 110 (6) 42 (1) 126 (9)

180 (10) 97 (4) 171 (9) 0 (1) 197 (13) 140 (6) 155 (7) 224 (15) 47 (2) 161 (8) 182 (11) 0 (1) 107 (5) 49 (3) 206 (14) 195 (12) 0 (1)

168 (13) 141 (6) 159 (11) 177 (15) 208 (17) 161 (12) 174 (14) 148 (8) 89 (2) 188 (16) 147 (7) 152 (9) 93 (3) 156 (10) 94 (4) 74 (1) 127 (5)

Balearic Islands Canary Islands Cantabria Castile-La Mancha Castile-Leon Catalonia Extremadura Galicia La Rioja Madrid Region Murcia Region Navarre Basque Country Valencia Region

Business R&D expenditure Business R&D expenditure Industrial design applications SMEs involved in innovation projects Business R&D expenditure Business R&D expenditure IT specialists Process and product innovators IT specialists Process and product innovators Innovation expenditure other than R&D Business R&D expenditure

59 (4) 45 (2) 70 (5)

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