Attribution | 2 |
Table of Contents | 3 |
Advisory Group And Acknowledgments | 5 |
Executive Summary | 6 |
Part 1: Project Overview | 8 |
1.1 Research Objectives | 8 |
1.2 Scope of Work | 8 |
Part 2: Introduction | 10 |
2.1 Background | 10 |
2.2 The U.S. Northeast in an Age of Uncertainty | 10 |
2.3 From Ecosystem Services to Managing Multifunctional & Multiscalar Landscapes | 12 |
Part 3: Methods | 14 |
3.1 Overview | 14 |
3.2 Guiding Concepts and Definitions | 16 |
3.2.1 Ecosystem functions and services | 16 |
3.2.2 Working lands and producers/managers | 19 |
3.2.3 Incentive or finance mechanisms | 20 |
Part 4: Results | 21 |
4.1 Overview | 21 |
4.2 Farming, Food, And Agriculture | 23 |
4.2.1 Programs for Producers/Businesses | 23 |
4.2.1.1 Access to cash, land, and tools/machinery | 23 |
4.2.1.2 Farmer training across career stages | 26 |
4.2.1.3 Certified practices regulate detrimental organisms | 27 |
4.2.1.4 New frontiers: carbon sequestration | 28 |
4.2.2 Programs for Supporting Institutions | 28 |
4.2.2.1 Production of specialty crops and “foodsheds” | 30 |
4.2.2.2 Food production in schools and cities | 30 |
4.2.3 Review of Funding/Program Organizations | 31 |
4.2.4 Opportunities to Expand Market Presence | 32 |
4.3 Working Forests and Woodlands | 33 |
4.3.1 Programs for Producers/ Businesses | 33 |
4.3.1.1 Sustaining habitat for family forests and working woodlands | 33 |
4.3.1.2 Assistance for reforestation programs | 36 |
4.3.1.3 Producing material goods | 36 |
4.3.2 Programs for Supporting Institutions | 36 |
4.3.2.1 Improving forest health | 36 |
4.3.2.3 Supporting forest plans | 37 |
4.3.3 Review of Funding/Program Organizations | 37 |
4.3.4 Opportunities to Expand Market Presence | 40 |
4.4 Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Shellfish Operations | 41 |
4.4.1 Programs for Producers/Businesses | 41 |
4.4.1.1 Food production and operations | 41 |
4.4.2 Programs for Supporting Institutions | 43 |
4.4.2.1 Healthy aquatic habitats | 43 |
4.4.3 Review of Funding/Program Organizations | 45 |
4.4.4 Opportunities to Expand Market Presence | 46 |
4.5 Supporting Landscapes and Systems | 46 |
4.5.1 Programs for Producers/Businesses | 46 |
4.5.1.1 PES and land protection restore wildlife habitat | 46 |
4.5.1.2 Nutrient trading and household rebates serve water quality/quantity concerns | 47 |
4.5.1.3 Multilevel incentive structures and access to capital | 49 |
4.5.2 Programs for Supporting Institutions | 49 |
4.5.2.1 Land acquisition to sustain water quality and quantity | 49 |
4.5.2.2 State grants support public access to parks and trails | 50 |
4.5.2.3 Loans and grants to regulate present, recurring, and future hazards | 50 |
4.5.2.4 Experiential professional development builds local capacity | 51 |
4.5.3 Review of Funding/Program Opportunities | 51 |
4.5.4 Opportunities to expand market presence | 52 |
4.6 Summary by Region and State | 53 |
4.6.1 Areas of regional significance | 53 |
4.6.1.1 Programs for food production | 53 |
4.6.1.2 Interstate watershed improvement programs | 55 |
4.6.1.3 Technical assistance and job training programs | 57 |
4.6.2 State Summaries | 58 |
Part 5: Conclusions and Recommendations | 59 |
5.1 Increasing farm profitability and sustainability | 61 |
5.2 Positioning agriculture and forestry as primary leaders in mitigating climate change | 63 |
5.3 Building resiliency of rural and urban communities | 67 |
5.4 Increasing the appeal of agricultural professions to a wide range of young people | 69 |
References | 72 |
Appendix | 75 |
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