Influence of surfactants on the surface propensity of ions at the ocean-air interface Shirin Gholami 1 , Tillmann Buttersack 1 , Florian Trinter 1,2 , Remi Dupuy 3 , Clemens Richter 1 , Jakob Filser 1 , Uwe Hergenhahn 1 , BerndWinter 1 , Karsten Reuter 1 , Hendrik Bluhm 1 1 Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Germany, 2 Institut fur Kernphysik, Goethe- Universität, Germany, 3 Sorbonne Université, France Liquid-vapor (especially aqueous-vapor) interfaces play a major role in atmospheric processes, for example in the interaction of the oceans or of aqueous aerosols with trace gases 1 . The contiguous aqueous-vapor interface is that of the oceans with air, covering more than 70% of Earth 2 . Studies have shown that the ocean-air interface is covered by a thin film of amphiphilic compounds, including surfactants 3 . This so-called sea surface microlayer significantly influences many processes with importance to the global ecosystem, such as the exchange of trace gases (e.g., CO 2 ) and heat, and the generation of aerosol particles [4-6]. The goal of our investigations is to elucidate the impacts of surfactants on the majority and minority ionic species in ocean water.We use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) coupled with a liquid microjet, which has been established as a powerful method for studies of surfactant molecules and dissolved ions, to study the liquid-vapor interface at the molecular level.The results of our investigations show the presence of positively and negatively charged surfactants can influence the propensity of different ions for the interface at ion concentrations found in seawater.Consequently, their availabilities for heterogeneous reactions at the ocean-air interface can be altered. References 1. Dupuy, R. et al. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 24, 4796-4808 (2022).
2. Br ggemann, M. et al. Nat. Commun. 9 , 2101 (2018). 3. George, C. et al. Chem. Rev. 115, 4218–4258 (2015). 4. Wurl, O. et al. Prog. Oceanogr. 144, 15–24 (2016). 5. Adenaya, A. et al. Oceans 2, 752–771 (2021). 6. Winter, B. and Faubel, M. Chem. Rev. 106, 1176–1211 (2006).
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