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have water intake preferences with rabbits and chinchillas favoring open dishes and guinea pigs and degus having more individual preferences. 40,41 Attempting to treat or minimize predisposing factors may help prevent disease. This may include increasing exercise and promoting weight loss in cases of obesity or treating underlying mobility or sanitation issues. However, as there is likely a large physiologic and genetic component to the development of urolithiasis in these species, recurrence may be common.
17. Kucera J, Koristkova T, Gottwaldova B, et al. Calcium sulfate dihydrate urolithiasis in a pet rabbit. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2017;250:534-537. 18. Wong A, Gardhouse S, Rooney T, et al. Associations between biochemical parameters and referral centre in pet rabbits with urolithiasis. Journal of Small Animal Practice 2021;62:554-561. 19. Tarbert DK, Matos Rd. Endoscopic Removal of a Vaginal Calculus in a Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 2016;25:253-260. 20. 20. Itatani H, Yoshioka T, Namiki M, et al. Experimental model of calcium- containing renal stone formation in a rabbit. Investigative Urology 1979;17:234- 240. 21. Eddy AA, Falk RJ, Sibley RK, et al. Subtotal nephrectomy in the rabbit: A model of chronic hypercalcemia, nephrolithiasis, and obstructive nephropathy. The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 1986;107:508-516. 22. Clauss M, Burger B, Liesegang A, et al. Influence of diet on calcium metabolism, tissue calcification and urinary sludge in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition 2012;96:798-807. 23. 23. Hawkins MG, Ruby AL, Drazenovich TL, et al. Composition and characteristics of urinary calculi from guinea pigs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2009;234:214-220. 24. 24. Parkinson LAB, Hausmann JC, Hardie RJ, et al. Urethral diverticulum and urolithiasis in a female guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017;251:1313-1317. 25. 25. Edell AS, Vella DG, Sheen JC, et al. Retrospective analysis of risk factors, clinical features, and prognostic indicators for urolithiasis in guinea pigs: 158 cases (2009–2019). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2022;1:1-6. 26. 26. Gallego M. Case report of a satin guinea pig with fibrous osteodystrophy that resembles human pseudohypoparathyroidism. Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine 2017;2017. 27. 27. Karam A, Mjaess G, Younes H, et al. Increase in urolithiasis prevalence due to vitamins C and D supplementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Public Health 2022;44:e625-e626. 28. 28. Singh P, Kiran R, Pendse A, et al. Ascorbic acid is an abettor in calcium urolithiasis: an experimental study. Scanning microscopy 1993;7:28. 29. 29. Higbie CT, DiGeronimo PM, Bennett RA, et al. Semen-Matrix Calculi in a Juvenile Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 2019;28:69-75. 30. 30. Bartges JW, Callens AJ. Urolithiasis. The Veterinary clinics of North America Small animal practice 2015;45:747-768. 31. 31. Huynh M. Permanent Implantable Medical Devices in Exotic Pet Medicine. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 2019;22:521-538. 32. 32. Martorell J, Bailon D, Majó N, et al. Lateral approach to nephrotomy in the management of unilateral renal calculi in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2012;240:863-868. 33. 33. Rembeaux H, Langlois I, Burdick S, et al. Placement of ureteral stents in three rabbits for the treatment of obstructive ureterolithiasis. Journal of Small Animal Practice 2021;62:489-495. 34. 34. Huynh M. Permanent Implantable Medical Devices in Exotic Pet Medicine. Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice 2019;22:521-538. 35. 35. Wenger S, Hatt J-M. Transurethral Cystoscopy and Endoscopic Urolith Removal in Female Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus). Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 2015;18:359-367. 36. 36. Branquart M, Langlois I, Vachon C, et al. Removal of lower urinary tract stones by percutaneous cystolithotomy in domestic male ferrets (Mustela putorius): 4 cases (2017–2020). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 2023;45:38-44. 37. 37. Coutant T, Dunn M, Langlois I, et al. CYSTOSCOPIC-GUIDED LITHOTRIPSY FOR THE REMOVAL OF A URETHRAL STONE IN A GUINEA PIG. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 2019;28:111-114. 38. 38. Maxwell AD, Kim GW, Furrow E, et al. Development of a Burst Wave Lithotripsy System for Noninvasive Fragmentation of Ureteroliths in Pet Cats. 2022. 39. 39. Azevedo S, O’Malley B, Greene C, et al. Lower Urinary Tract Diseases in Guinea Pigs: A 14-Year Retrospective Study (2004–2018). Animals 2023;13:112. 40. 40. Tschudin A, Clauss M, Codron D, et al. Water intake in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from open dishes and nipple drinkers under different water and feeding regimes. Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition 2011;95:499-511. 41. 41. Hagen K, Clauss M, Hatt JM. Drinking preferences in chinchillas (C hinchilla laniger), degus (Octodon degu) and guinea pigs (C avia porcellus). Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition 2014;98:942-947.
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References
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