DATA IN ACTION
Figure 1: The evolution of paper-and-pencil and computer-based data collection
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ICCS Paper PIRLS Paper
ICCS Computer-based ICILS Computer-based PIRLS Computer-based
TIMSS 4th grade Paper TIMSS 8th grade Paper
TIMSS 4th grade Computer-based TIMSS 8th grade Computer-based
Notes: 1. In PIRLS 2016 the computer-based assessment refers to ePIRLS, subset of students who participated in PIRLS 2016, 2 tasks per student 2. The number of countries and benchmark participants mentioned for PIRLS 2026 is the status on July 2024 3. In TIMSS 2019, 28+4 4th grade and 19+2 8th grade countries and benchmark participants participated in both the paper and the computer-based assessment
Figure 2: The evolution of IEA StudyExpert
Stage 1 Pilot with TIMSS 2023 field trial questionnaires in Germany
Stage 2b Main survey with TALIS 2024 questionnaires
Stage 3b Main study with PIRLS 2026 questionnaires, field test with TIMSS 2027 questionnaires
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Stage 2a Field trial with TALIS 2024 questionnaires
Stage 3a Field test with PIRLS 2026 questionnaires
Stage 4a Field tests and main surveys with ICCS 2027
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