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1. Alterman, "Information Revolution and the Middle East," 245. 2. Shanthi Kalathil and Taylor C. Boas, Open Networks, Closed Regimes: The Impact of the Internet on Authoritarian Rule (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2003), 128, 136, 44. 3. Reporters Without Borders, 2006 Internet Annual Report , www.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/report.pdf. 4. Shanthi Kalathil, "Dot Com for Dictators," Foreign Policy , March-April 2003, 44. 5. Singapore i-government, www.igov.sg/programmes/eGap_II; eCitizen: Your Gateway to All Government Services, www.ecitizen.gov.sg. 6. Kalathil, "Dot Com for Dictators," 48. 7. Cathy Hong, "New Political Tool: Text Messaging," Christian Science Monitor , June 30, 2005. 8. "The Party, the People, and the Power of Cyber-talk," The Economist , April 29, 2006, 28; Edward Cody, "Despite a Ban, Chinese Youth Navigate to Internet Cafes," Washington Post , February 9, 2007; China Internet Network Information Center, www.cnnic.net.cn. 9. Bruce Einhorn, "The Net's Second Superpower," Business Week , March 15, 2005, 54-55. 10. "The Party, the People," 27; RAND, "RAND Report Says Internet Unlikely to Spark Major Political Change in China in Near Future," news release, August 26, 2002, www.rand.org/news.press.02/dissent.html. 11. Mark Magnier, "China Clamps Down on Web News Discussion," Los Angeles Times , February 26, 2004. 12. Howard W. French, "As Chinese Students Go Online, Little Sister Is Watching," New York Times , May 9, 2006. 13. Cody, "Despite a Ban." 14. Peter S. Goodman and Mike Musgrove, "China Blocks Web Search Engines," Washington Post , September 12, 2002; Bruce Einhorn and Ben Elgin, "The Great Firewall of China," Business Week , January 23, 2006, 34.
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