+ :( ./ 0 % *+ / 1. Mohamed Zayani, "Introduction-Al Jazeera and the Vicissitudes of the New Arab Mediascape," in The Al Jazeera Phenomenon: Critical Perspectives on New Arab Media , ed. Mohamed Zayani (Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, 2005), 33. 2. Robin Right, "Al Jazeera Puts Focus on Reform," Washington Post, May 8, 2005. 3. Hugh Miles, Al-Jazeera: The Inside Story of the Arab News Channel That Is Challenging the West (New York: Grove: 2005): 327, 328. 4. Bernard Lewis, "Freedom and Justice in the Modern Middle East," Foreign Affairs 84, no. 3,(May-June, 2005): 46. 5. Marc Lynch, "Assessing the Democratizing Power of Satellite TV," Transnational Broadcasting Studies Journal , no. 14, (Spring 2005), www.tbsjournal.com/Archives/Spring05/Lynch.html. 6. Mustafa el-Menshawy, "Little Match Box, Lots of Spark," Al-Ahram Weekly , December 29, 2005. 7. Lynch, "Assessing the Democratizing Power of Satellite TV." 8. Mohamed Darwish, "Once Again Divided," Al-Ahram Weekly , October 16, 2003. 9. Lewis, "Freedom and Justice in the Modern Middle East," 47. 10. Marc Lynch, "Watching Al Jazeera," Wilson Quarterly , Summer 2005, 44. 11. Miles, Al-Jazeera , 328. 12. UN Development Program, Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World (New York: UN Publications, 2005), 22. 13. Kalathil and Boas, Open Networks, Closed Regimes , 150. 14. Charles A. Kupchan, The End of the American Era: U.S. Foreign Policy and the Geopolitics of the Twenty-first Centry (New York: Knopf, 2002), 106. Zayani, "Introduction." 35.
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