Although the news has been a living nightmare for many of us, the most fun part of election year is recounting presidential facts and history. While you might know that plenty of U.S. presidents were attorneys, you might not know that some U.S. presidents were attorneys without having gone to law school at all. (Lucky them!) WHY PRESIDENTS READ LAW. “Reading law” refers to the act of learning law by apprenticeship (e.g., Abraham Lincoln read law before becoming an attorney). There was once a time when law school was actually a novel idea — at least in the United States, since it was a collection of colonies. Many college- educated lawyers had gained their training in England before returning to the States. The first law degree granted by a U.S. university was the College of William & Mary in 1793. One of the most famous U.S. presidents who read law was already mentioned, Abraham Lincoln. He was truly self-taught in every way, not having gone to even elementary school. He learned nearly everything he knew while living on prairies. Many U.S. presidents had a similar passion for law and didn’t need the structured learning of law school to pursue it, including John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, John Tyler, James K. Polk, Millard Fillmore, James Buchanan, James A. Garfield, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, and Calvin Coolidge. ATTORNEYS AS PRESIDENTS — MINUS THE LAW DEGREE
CAN YOU TAKE AN APPRENTICESHIP TODAY? Yes! There are many advantages to learning law under a practicing attorney. For one, you don’t pay the price of law school, and you can even be paid to learn and practice. However, an extremely limited number of states will allow you to take the bar exam without law school. Currently, only California, Virginia, Vermont, and Washington have legal programs that will allow aspiring attorneys to skip law school. Here in New York, you can study under an attorney, but you need at least one year of law school under your belt. One of the biggest challenges of reading law is that it takes an avid passion for learning to do it, even today. Not many practicing attorneys have time to offer you a curriculum to learn. Much of reading law is self- taught — that’s why we think it’s especially impressive that we have so many presidents who went through that laborious process themselves.
Luxurious Vegan Chocolate Mousse
SUDOKU
Inspired by WellPlated.com
Making chocolate mousse with avocados may sound strange, but we promise it’s a match made in heaven! This sinfully delicious recipe is a great holiday treat.
Ingredients
• 4 oz vegan dark chocolate, chopped • 2 large avocados, pitted and skinned • 3 tbsp cocoa powder
• 1/4 cup almond milk • 1 tsp vanilla extract • 1–3 tsp maple syrup, to taste • Fresh berries, for garnish
Directions
1. In a microwave-safe bowl, melt the dark chocolate. Heat in 15-second intervals, then stir and repeat until melted. Set aside to cool. 2. In a food processor or blender, combine the cooled chocolate and other ingredients. Blend until smooth and creamy, adding additional sweetener as desired. 3. Scoop into glasses and refrigerate at least 2 hours. Top with berries and serve!
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