HISTORY Atlanta was founded in 1837 as the final destination of the Western and Atlantic railroad line. The town – then known as Terminus, in honor of its founding as a railway terminus – emerged around a zero milepost, symbolizing the end of the rail line. In 1845, the city was renamed to Atlanta, the feminine version of Atlantic – again honoring its history with the city’s original railway. By 1846, however, two additional railroad lines converged with the original, allowing the city to connect to further establishments and grow itself. Much like the railroad, the Civil War significantly shaped Atlanta's history, profoundly influencing the city's development in the following decades. Atlanta joined the Confederacy in 1861, becoming vital for war production. The city's population grew to 22,000 by 1864 due to wartime industries. General Sherman captured Atlanta on September 2, 1864, leading to significant destruction and civilian evacuation. Sherman's actions contributed to Lincoln's reelection and marked a turning point in the Civil War, leaving Atlanta devastated. Although Atlanta faced severe devastation after the Civil War, the city quickly rebuilt due to its railroads. By 1900, the population grew to nearly 90,000, with a significant increase in African Americans, many drawn by educational and employment opportunities. Segregated neighborhoods emerged alongside Black colleges. White leaders, promoting the “New South” philosophy, aimed for industrial growth and reconciliation with the North. Major expositions showcased Atlanta's potential, however, this era also saw the establishment of Jim Crow laws, enforcing racial segregation and limiting rights for African Americans. As the 20th century began, Atlanta's population tripled, expanding city limits and adding suburbs due to streetcars
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