↤ Iglesia Natividad de María de Ichuac - Fiesta Religiosa de la Virgen de la Candelaria. Natividad de Maria de Ichuac Church - The Virgin of Candelaria Religious Festivity. ↦ Capilla de Aituy, Queilen.
-Since 1970 – Heritage: The term "Chiloé School of Wooden Religious Architecture" appears, they begin to be declared National Monuments and are massively disseminated. It is a process in which universities, the Ancud Bishopric, and state agencies work together. An updated definition was also proposed for the Chiloé School of Wooden Religious Architecture, namely: A group of Chiloé temples that are characterized by having certain elements in common, linked to moments in history and the expression of architectural, constructive, and cultural attributes. This definition is argued thanks to the attri- butes preservation, which correspond to: the properties, qualities, elements, and cultural processes associated with the buildings. Their identification and valuation allow the temples' heritage value to be understood, facilitating their management from an integral point of view, which considers architectural, constructive, social, and cultural aspects 2 . Architectural attributes refer to the formal, morpholog- ical, spatial, and site aspects that can be recognized, such as a tower-facade, a barn-shaped structure, three naves, a moratorium site, esplanade, and cemetery. The constructive attributes are related to the continuous learning about the possible materials provided by the natural environment and the efficient use of these resources. The following are identified here: the use of wood, the rational use of the resource, and the development of new technologies. Finally, the social and cultural attributes are defined, where the temple is considered as a worldview expres- sion, also connected to the existence of a fiscal, church committees, supreme, parade bands, and current festive calendar, among others. The following are highlighted: the social religious organization, celebrations connected to the temple, diversity of uses, and maintenance. The study revealed the existence of 152 temples, far surpassing the preliminary number of churches that were believed to be part of this school, close to 60 buildings. This increase was due to a change in the way of approaching this tradition, which, together with its architectural char- acteristics, broadened the view, incorporating its cultural practices, the ways in which the community uses the spaces, its social importance, its relationship with the ter- ritory and the understanding of this complex as a system. By virtue of this, this list will likely increase in the near future, according to new ways of understanding Chiloé's cultural heritage. Despite the passage of time and the innumerable pro- cesses that these enormous wooden buildings have under- gone, there is something that has never changed and that is the value that each community places on them and how, according to the diverse religious and cultural practices, they have been able to inhabit each of these territories. It is essential that in the future we can continue to deepen state policies associated with heritage, linking each of the churches with a similar hierarchy and the worldview that gives them real sustenance. /
Chapel of Aituy, Queilen.
Este aumento se debió a un cambio en la forma de apro- ximación a esta tradición que, junto con sus característi- cas arquitectónicas, amplió la mirada, incorporando sus prácticas culturales, las formas comunitarias de utilizar los espacios, su importancia social, su relación con el territo- rio y la comprensión de este conjunto como un sistema. En virtud de esto, es probable que esta lista aumente en el futuro próximo, de acuerdo a nuevas formas de comprender el patrimonio cultural chilote. A pesar del transcurso del tiempo y de los innumera- bles procesos que han vivido estos enormes edificios de madera, hay algo que jamás se ha modificado y es el valor que le otorga cada comunidad y cómo, en función de las diversas prácticas religiosas y culturales, han sido capaces de habitar cada uno de estos territorios. Es fundamental que a futuro seamos capaces de seguir profundizando políticas de Estado, asociadas al patrimonio, que vinculen con similar jerarquía cada una de las iglesias y la cosmo- visión que les da el real sustento. / Este aumento se debió a un cambio en la forma de aproximación a esta tradición que, junto con sus características arquitectónicas, amplió la mirada, incorporando sus prácticas culturales, las formas comunitarias de utilizar los espacios, su importancia social, su relación con el territorio y la comprensión de este conjunto como un sistema.
This increase was due to a change in the way of approaching this tradition, which, together with its architectural characteristics, broadened the view, incorporating its cultural practices, the ways in which the community uses the spaces, its social importance, its relationship with the territory and the understanding of this complex as a system.
2 Undersecretary of Cultural Heritage, Chiloé Archipelago Inventory Study of churces belonging to the Chiloé School of Wooden Religious Architecture (Santiago: Ministry of Cultures, Arts and Heritage, 2019. Retrieved from: www.cultura.gob.cl/publicaciones/
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AOA / n°45
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