In recent years, Industrialized Construction has increased its pen- etration and the regulatory framework for the different construction standards that affect it. One of them has been the approval of NCH 3744 Industrialized and Prefabricated Construction - Terms and Defini- tions, which establishes and defines key concepts more clearly so that the industry, professionals, academia, and public entities can speak a common language. In addition, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, through its Study and Housing Development Technical Division, DITEC, has made progress in certifications especially oriented towards the regulation of social housing. However, there is still a need to expand specific regula- tions to hospitals, schools, and other public agencies where there are still restrictions on the use of prefabricated buildings. The different industrializing entities and construction companies have made great progress and are the most interested in certifying their building solutions according to the current regulations concerning fire, thermal resistance, acoustic, seismic, and structural behavior. This could provide a growing range of certified solutions for our projects. A great challenge will be to reduce the processing times for Build- ing Permits and Sectorial Permits since accelerating the execution of work has been reduced by the increase in the processing times of these permits. Renca and Lo Espejo Experiences In this pioneering experience of the tender assigned by MINVU, the percentage of points was 50% for architecture, 40% for industrialization, and 10% for energy efficiency. It is important to highlight that the success of the proposed Indus- trialized Construction required the adoption of Early Integration in the design process, which in both proposals was integrated with the industrialist company Tecno Fast, the sponsoring entity Ep Union, and the Vive Construction Company. The tender involved solving two very different projects, both in terms of location, size, and geometry of each site. The latter implied develop- ing a response and a morphological and building solution that could respond well to both sites. Thus, for the Lo Espejo project, the building is located towards the north of the site, freeing up the southern area for a sector with palm trees that has become part of the main green area and allows vehicles and foot traffic to pass by. Since the site is very limited, they decided to distribute the rest of the playground and sports equipment around the buildings, thereby allowing the neighbors to occupy all of the open spaces. This way, it will motivate a constant use that will prevent the appropriation of these spaces by small groups. On the other hand, in Renca, the buildings are located on the edge of the roadways and provide access to the complex through a large public esplanade, which communicates with an interior green area that acts as the project's hierarchical element. This important central green area is visually linked to the one located on one of the site's borders. This also creates a reasonable distance between the existing dwellings and the new taller building. A path that creates an accessible route and connects the parking areas, sports facilities, playgrounds, and multipurpose rooms for the community surrounds the central green area. In both cases, the build- ings' location was decisive in designing a typology that was capable of responding optimally to the different urban variables, facilitating a recognizable identity within the urban fabric. Once the buildable area is centralized and exploiting the advantages of high industrialization through modules, the modules are separated to allow for intermediate circulation throughout the building and cre- ate interior courtyards that incorporate ventilation and lighting to the apartments, improving the apartments' condition and, consequently, the quality of life in them.
At the same time, the modules at the ends of the buildings are rotated to optimize and improve the sunlight and, in turn, form a recognizable facade facing the public road. This is also a dynamic facade that con- tributes to the neighborhood and the corner's configuration. The vertical and circulation cores are located transversally to the apartment modules, optimizing circulation and creating recognizable accesses that improve and give identity to the complex's volumetry. For the design of the houses, we opted for highly industrialized modules with a wooden structure, manufactured in the plant using a robotic process. This construction solution offers unmatched thermal comfort compared to other materials with the same thickness. It is car- bon-negative and a renewable resource offered by the national industry. In turn, the wood's seismic behavior is exceptional, and for up to four stories, it is possible to meet the relevant stresses without the need to introduce more structural elements than those required for a light- framed solution. The houses were designed to enhance the attributes of industrialized modular housing. Therefore, the spaces were optimized considering the manufacturing, transportation, and assembly criteria provided by the manufacturing company. The conformation of modular housing permits the existence of double walls between units. This offers an advantage from a thermal and acoustic point of view, improving the insulation between two units, since they do not share a common wall. Each apartment is constituted based on two integrated modules, one of which solves the entire program for wet areas and the other for dry areas. In addition, the design contemplated the existence of only one shaft per apartment, a crucial issue in order to increase the assembly efficiency. Many challenges had to be solved for both projects, among them to know and apply the modular industrialized system, based on a robotic light-framed construction system. Also, to manage the maximum optimal dimensions for freight and module assembly, integrating the normative framework of the DS49 Subsidy, considering the dimensions of enclo- sures, furniture, and minimum circulations. The design also considers the Metropolitan Region´s PDA, which is not yet in force and that, on the one hand, increases the building elements' thermal requirements and, on the other hand, establishes percentages for facade openings depending on the facade's orientation. However, all these difficulties have been greatly compensated by the results achieved, the technical and aesthetic quality of both projects, and, especially, the joy that their future users have expressed when they learned in detail about the pilot apartments that they will soon be living in. At the same time, it gives us great professional satisfaction to know that these solutions will contribute to a substantial reduction of the housing deficit, increasing productivity, quality, speed, and quantity of housing solutions, which today represent the greatest social problem facing our country. ! Ignacio Hernández Masses An architect from Universidad de Chile (1984), and the President of Archiplan SA, a company he founded in 1992 with his brother Jaime and Raimundo Onetto. This is one of the leading architecture and urban planning firms in the country, with offices in Lima, Miami, and Marbella, and has built more than 2,500,000 m2 between Chile and Spain. He is also a founding partner and Chairman of the Board of Exxacon S.L., a real estate management and development company, since 1998. He has been in executive positions at AOA since 2012: director, vice president, president, and former president. He has been a lecturer at U. Central, FAU Uch, and ESE UAndes Post Graduate program. Pabla Ortúzar Escudero An architect from Pontificia Universidad Católica of Chile, with studies in the United States and Japan. She joined Archiplan SA as the chief project architect in 2004 and has been an associate architect since March 2023. She has also worked at Villalba Aceros and the National Kindergarten Board (JUNJI). She has experience in real estate projects and product development and specifications. She is the vice president of the Industrialized Construction Council for 2024 - 2025.
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