(*) Autores:
(*) Autores:
Arturo Almandoz Marte, urbanista. Magíster en Filosofía, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas; PhD por la Architectural Association School of Architecture, Londres; Posdoctorado Centro de Investigaciones Posdoctorales, UCV, Caracas. Profesor titular Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas; Titular adjunto PUC de Chile. Investigador en el área de modernización urbana en América Latina siglos XIX y XX. Alberto Sato Kotani , arquitecto. MSc. PhD. Profesor titular UDP Chile. Investigador y docente en las áreas de diseño, historia, arquitectura y crítica. Doctor de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas. Coordinador de las áreas de Investigación y postgrado de la Facultad de Arquitectura, Arte y Diseño UDP, Santiago. José Rosas Vera , arquitecto. MSc, PhD. Profesor titular PUC de Chile; Maestría en Planificación Urbano Regional Instituto de Estudios Urbanos PUC. Doctor de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Barcelona, UPC. Investigador en las áreas de morfología urbana y tipologías arquitectónicas, historia y proyecto urbano. Jefe programa doctorado en Arquitectura. Iván González Viso , arquitecto. Magíster en Arquitectura PUC de Chile, Profesor agregado y candidato a doctor Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas. Investigador en las áreas de morfología urbana y tipologías arquitectónicas.
Arturo Almandoz Marte , urban planner. Master of Philosophy, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas; PhD from the Architectural Association School of Architecture, London; Post PhD, Center for Postdoctoral Research, UCV, Caracas. Professor Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas; Deputy Professor, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Researcher in the area of urban modernization in Latin America, 19th and 20th centuries. Alberto Sato Kotani , architect. MSc. PhD. Professor UDP Chile. Researcher and teacher in the areas of design, history, architecture and criticism. PhD, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas. Coordinator of the Research and Postgraduate areas of the Faculty of Architecture, Art and Design, UDP, Santiago. José Rosas Vera , architect. MSc, PhD. Professor Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Master's Degree in Regional Urban Planning, Institute of Urban Studies, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. PhD of Escuela Técnica Superior de Barcelona, UPC. Researcher in the areas of urban morphology and architectural typologies, history and urban project. Head PhD program in Architecture. Iván González Viso , architect. Master’s in architecture Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Associate Professor and PhD Candidate School of Architecture and Urbanism Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas. Researcher in the areas of urban morphology and architectural typologies.
Simón Bolívar en construcción.
The Manhattan Building (1939), by architect Heriberto González Méndez, the 10 Build- ing and the Hollywood movie-hotel, both designed that same year by Spanish architect Rafael Bergamín (1891-1970), as well as the proto-skyscraper for the headquarters of the Ministry of Education (1938), by engineer Guillermo Salas -the first building with an elevator-, already pointed towards another city. The Ávila hotel (1942), by the American Wallace Harrison, who participated in the Rockefeller Center project and the United Nations headquarters in New York, translated the Californian language to the tropical Caracas climate and atmosphere. Despite this degree of ‘impure’ modernism installed in Venezuela during the initial period, there are examples that stand out in the urban scene. In addition to the mentioned works, the Caracas High School and the Fermín Toro High School - both designed in 1936 by architect-engineer Cipriano Domínguez (1904-1995) within the program of modernization of the educational system - present open and bright classrooms, large courtyards and corridors, laboratories, auditorium and sports spaces. Shortly after, Domínguez will carry out one of the projects that, together with the renovation of El Silencio, will consolidate the urban structure of Caracas: the Simón Bolívar Center (1942-49), an administrative complex located on the axis of Avenida Bolívar that will define the east-west layout of the capital. With its twin towers and clear Corbusian references, it would become the key work in the transformation of Caracas as a definitely modern city. While modernism in Venezuela was born under the weight of academic tradition, it quickly stepped away from it in order to express its modern spirit, its optimism and its commitment to progress.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Caraballo, Ciro: School building in the history of Venezuela. Valley of Sartanejas: III National Congress of Architects, Universidad Simón Bolívar, July 1982. - Carlos Raúl Villanueva. A modern man in South America. Caracas: Galería de Arte Nacional. 1999. - González, Lorenzo; Marín, Orlando and Vicente, Henry: San Agustín del Sur. The Banco Obrero in the Caracas ‘landscapes of transition’. Caracas: International Research Week. Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Universidad Central de Venezuela, October 2008. - Posani, Juan Pedro; Gasparini, Graziano: Caracas through its architecture. Fundación Fina Gómez, Caracas 1969. - Villanueva, Carlos Raúl: Caracas in three stages. Gráficas Edición de Arte C.A. Caracas, 1966. - Wallis / Domínguez / Guinand. Pioneering architects of an era. Catálogo Galería de Arte Nacional. Caracas, 1998.
35
Made with FlippingBook. PDF to flipbook with ease