(*) Autores:
(*) Autores:
Arturo Almandoz Marte, urbanista. Magíster en Filosofía, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas; PhD por la Architectural Association School of Architecture, Londres; Posdoctorado Centro de Investigaciones Posdoctorales, UCV, Caracas. Profesor titular Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas; Titular adjunto PUC de Chile. Investigador en el área de modernización urbana en América Latina siglos XIX y XX. Alberto Sato Kotani , arquitecto. MSc. PhD. Profesor titular UDP Chile. Investigador y docente en las áreas de diseño, historia, arquitectura y crítica. Doctor de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas. Coordinador de las áreas de Investigación y postgrado de la Facultad de Arquitectura, Arte y Diseño UDP, Santiago. José Rosas Vera , arquitecto. MSc, PhD. Profesor titular PUC de Chile; Maestría en Planificación Urbano Regional Instituto de Estudios Urbanos PUC. Doctor de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Barcelona, UPC. Investigador en las áreas de morfología urbana y tipologías arquitectónicas, historia y proyecto urbano. Jefe programa doctorado en Arquitectura. Iván González Viso , arquitecto. Magíster en Arquitectura PUC de Chile, Profesor agregado y candidato a doctor Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas. Investigador en las áreas de morfología urbana y tipologías arquitectónicas.
Arturo Almandoz Marte , urban planner. Master of Philosophy, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas; PhD from the Architectural Association School of Architecture, London; Post PhD, Center for Postdoctoral Research, UCV, Caracas. Professor Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas; Deputy Professor, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Researcher in the area of urban modernization in Latin America, 19th and 20th centuries. Alberto Sato Kotani , architect. MSc. PhD. Professor UDP Chile. Researcher and teacher in the areas of design, history, architecture and criticism. PhD, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas. Coordinator of the Research and Postgraduate areas of the Faculty of Architecture, Art and Design, UDP, Santiago. José Rosas Vera , architect. MSc, PhD. Professor Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Master's Degree in Regional Urban Planning, Institute of Urban Studies, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. PhD of Escuela Técnica Superior de Barcelona, UPC. Researcher in the areas of urban morphology and architectural typologies, history and urban project. Head PhD program in Architecture. Iván González Viso , architect. Master's in architecture Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Associate Professor and PhD Candidate School of Architecture and Urbanism Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas. Researcher in the areas of urban morphology and architectural typologies.
Tabaré studio apartments, in San Bernardino, for professionals and single technicians (1955); the Banco Metropolitano, in Caracas (1957). Also, Carpio & Suárez, with the La Salle apartments in Caracas, with structure and walls with exposed concrete blocks (1953); the Llano Alto hotel in Barinas, expressing modernity in wood and adapted to the climate conditions of the Venezuelan plain (1956) and the Puerto Azul club, in Caraballeda (1956). For their part, Vegas, Ferris & Ferrero, with the Laguna Beach building, in Tanaguarena, which proposed a modality of co-ownership prior to the enactment of the horizontal property law (1952). Sanabria & Carbonell, with the headquarters of La Electricidad de Caracas, in San Bernardino (1952); single-family homes (1950-1952) that stood out for their adaptation to climate and topography and their distributive typology, typical of the bourgeois dwellings of the decade. Guinand, Benacerraf & Vestuti, with the Monserrat studio apartment building, in Altamira, with its perforated walls on the façade (1951); the headquarters for General Tires, in Chacao (1953), with Miesian character, that responded to the climate conditions with its roof overhang and that Mies van der Rohe himself reproduced in 1957 in the headquarters of Bacardí in Cuba. Also, the office of Romero Gutiérrez, Neuberger & Bornhorst, with the Centro Profesional del Este (1953) and who developed the unfortunate and unfinished project El Helicoide de la Roca Tarpeya in 1955, with the geodesic dome of Buckminster Fuller. Modernity unfolded to the fullest. And not only in architecture, also in design, with the shop designs by Don Hatch and Tony Dibo, with objects and furniture by Saarinen, Jacobsen, Eames, Wegner, and the representative offices of Christian Dior, Cartier, etc. In this turbulent process of modernization and internationalization, we can't miss Venezuelan Susana Duijn, first Hispanic American elected Miss World, in 1955, and cover of Paris Match. Venezuela was built during this period with two actors acting in parallel. One group, attending to the commissions of the state and another, to the financial and industrial world, as well as to the needs of the urban classes. The roles were exchanged and the architects displayed their modern vision in all areas, in a city described by Alejo Carpentier, in those years in Caracas, like this: "(…) in it, one certainly witnessed to the gestation of something –of something specifically Latin American, only conceivable in a city whose daily existence was an always renewed happening (…) possessed by a fury to destroy, build, destroy again to rebuild (…) the roofs, the shutters, the fences, the masonry, the trees, the statues, the fountains would all fly, as in ancient cities condemned to be destroyed by the wrath of the victor, and then skyscrapers were raised, concrete caps were placed on the surrounding mountains, motorways were inaugurated and already revealed insufficient the day after their opening (…)" (From La consagración de la primavera).
REFERENCES
- AA.VV: Tomas José Sanabria Arquitecto. Catálogo Galería de Arte Nacional. Caracas 1995. - AA.VV: Our Architects en Caracas. Arquitectura norteamericana en Caracas 1925-1975. Catálogo. TAC-Docomomo, Caracas 2017. - AA.VV: Obras de arte de la Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas. Catálogo. Monte Ávila Editores, Caracas 1991. - Acedo Mendoza, Carlos: La vivienda en el área metropolitana de Caracas. Ediciones del Cuatricentenario de Caracas, Concejo Municipal del Distrito Federal, 1967. - Castillo, Ocarina: Los años del Bulldozer. CENDES, Universidad Central de Venezuela. Caracas 1990. - Gasparini, Graziano and Posani, Juan Pedro: Caracas a través de su arquitectura. Fundación Fina Gómez. Caracas 1969.
- Goldberg, Mariano: Guía de edificaciones contemporáneas en Venezuela. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo UCV. Caracas 1982. - Hernández de Lasala, Sylvia: Malaussena, Arquitectura académica en la Venezuela moderna. Fundación Pampero. Caracas 1990.
- Martin Frechilla, Juan José: Planes, planos y proyectos para Venezuela 1908-1958. UCV. Caracas 1994. - Niño, William: 1950. El espíritu moderno. Fundación Corp Group Centro Cultural. Caracas 1998.
- Pintó, Maciá: Villanueva, la síntesis. Fundación Villanueva. Caracas 2013 - Sato, Alberto: Galia, arquitecto. Instituto de Urbanismo UCV. Caracas 2002. - Sato, Alberto: "Cinco oficinas de arquitectura". Thesis to apply for the Master's degree, Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo UCV. 1996. - Sullivan, Louis: The Autobiography of an Idea. AIA Press. New York 1924.
37
Made with FlippingBook flipbook maker