undermined, but from the psychological point of view many people start to look after, foster their customs and tradition in response to seeing other communities with strong identities. A much more important issue is question of segregation/integration, especially after 9/11.It is difficult to assess to what extent are and what is the optimal value of integration of immigrant groups with a society (and what do we mean by that – can we say that native who does not have community feeling is not part of the society and thus for example his rights should be limited or he should be expelled from a country), however every example of disintegration is strongly visible. It is also appropriate to question the impact of the migration networks: on one side they help immigrants to acclimatize and prevent feelings of displacement and alienation, on other they can also effectively prevent them for integration with the rest of a community. However in the example of London, the immigrant succession theory seems to be proved, after some time they migrate within UK and London and maintain links with their natives, move out from their districts, preventing emergence of closed ghettos there (Paccoud, LSE, 03.2014). On the other hand, there is still big room for improvement, especially for NGOs to help newcomers affiliate on the micro scale through personal and direct help with daily grind in the first months. I tried to assess balance of costs and benefits of the immigration labour overall, but to truly comprehend immigrants’ impact, more nuanced approach should be used. It seems to be clear that in terms of immigration to UK, the pros outweighs the cons and immigration (overall) benefits. Yet what is even more clear is the fact that immigration is necessary and inevitable mostly due to the demographic situation. Most common concerns are not proved by empirical data. Vivid immigrant communities benefit not only productiveness, but also cultural output and makes the society more engaging. The question is – what is a socially desirable level of immigration? It is difficult to estimate how many people feel segregated due to immigration on both sides of the fence. However, research from Rodgers (CREAM, 2014) suggests some very positive results: people in surveys speak negatively about immigrants, but when they are asked about their closest area, almost every answer regarding the impact of immigrants is either positive or neutral. This very clearly illustrates that people simply learn and develop from each other, even when they have to start a next match on the bench. Brady H. 26.06.2013, Europe: Britain’s migration delusion, Prospect Magazine, http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/blog/europe-britains-migration-delusion-hugo-brady- centre-european-reform/#.U6KXbDfpywV Dustmann C. Frattini T. 2013, ‘The fiscal effects of Immigration to the UK’, the Centre for Research & Analysis on Migration’ Discussion Paper Series, Dustmann C. 6.03.2014, lecture at the ESRC Research Centre on Micro-social Change (MISOC) and the Centre for Research & Analysis on Migration (CReAM) conference ‘Immigration: New research on experiences, attitudes & the economic impact’, Florida R. 2002, ‘Rise of the Creative Class. And how it’s transforming work, leisure and everyday life’, Basic Books, Ghemawat P. 2011, ‘World 3.0 Global prosperity and how to achieve it’, Harvard Business Review Press, Goodhart D. 27.06 2014, lecture at the LSE conference ‘Migration and the Transformation of London: an international perspective’, Gordon I. 27.06 2014, lecture at the LSE conference ‘Migration and the Transformation of London: an international perspective’, Kaufmann E. 24.03.2014, lecture at the LSE conference ‘How is London being transformed by migration?’, Lee N. and Nathan M. 2013, 'Diversity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from London firms', Economic Geography, Legrain P. 2006, ‘Immigrants. Your country needs them’, Little, Brown, Mahmoud T. O. Raport H. Steinmayr A. and Trebesch Ch. September 2013, The Effect of Labour Migration on the Diffusion of Democracy: Evidence from a Former Soviet Republic, CReAM, Paccoud A. 24.03.2014, lecture at the LSE conference ‘How is London being transformed by migration?’, Philips T. 27.06 2014, lecture at the LSE conference ‘Migration and the Transformation of London: an international perspective’, Portes J. 27.06 2014, lecture at the LSE conference ‘Migration and the Transformation of London: an Bibliography
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