UNDERSTANDING BPPV BY DR. COURTNEY BUMGARNER, PT, DPT
The most common vestibular disorder is Benign Paroxysmal Positionional Vertigo, also known as BPPV. BPPV causes a false sensation of spinning. Benign means the condition is not life threatening. Paroxymal indicates the occurrence comes in sudden, brief spells and positional means that the symptoms are triggered by certain head positions or movements. Vertigo describes a false sense of rotational movement. BPPV is a mechanical problem that occurs in the inner ear and occurs when some of the carbonate crystals, also known as otoconia, that are normally embedded in the gel in the utricle become dislodged and migrate into one of the ear’s fluid-filled semicircular canals. When enough of these particles accumulate in one of the canals they interfere with the normal fluid movement that these canals use to sense head motion and this causes the inner ear to send false signals to the brain. This causes a person to perceive a spinning sensation. BPPV is diagnosed clinically by medical professionals through performing a thorough examination. This includes a subjective history, neurological examination, and positional testing. When an individual who has BPPV has their head moved into a position that makes dislodged crystals move within a canal the error signals cause the eyes to move in a very specific pattern called nystagmus.
BPPV is fairly common and most likely affects adults of any age, especially seniors. If you are suffering from BPPV common triggers can be rolling over in bed, getting in and out of bed, tipping the head to look upward, bending over, and performing quick head movements. Highly effective treatment is available and patients do not have to live with the condition. Physical therapists with training in vestibular rehabilitation can provide you relief and get you back to the activities you enjoy!
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