Roza Luksemburg ROSA LUXEMBURG Rođena je 5. marta 1871. godine u gradu Zamošć, na te- ritoriji tadašnjeg Ruskog carstva, u današnjoj Poljskoj. Jevrej- skog porekla, odrasla je u porodici koja je cenila obrazovanje. Još u detinjstvu preživela je bolest koja joj je ostavila trajnu posledicu – hramala je do kraja života. Bila je briljantna uče- nica i izuzetno rano se politički aktivirala. Zbog revolucionar- nih ideja i opasnosti od hapšenja napustila je Poljsku i otišla u Švajcarsku, gde je studirala na Univerzitetu u Cirihu. Tamo je doktorirala ekonomiju, što je u to vreme bilo gotovo nezami- slivo dostignuće za ženu. Kasnije se preselila u Nemačku i postala jedna od naj- značajnijih figura evropskog socijalističkog pokreta. Bila je neraskidivo povezana sa Klarom Cetkin i idejama koje su oblikovale ženski politički aktivizam tog vremena. Insisti- rala je na tome da sloboda mora biti univerzalna i ostala je poznata po rečenici: „Sloboda je uvek sloboda za onoga ko- ji misli drugačije.“ Njen privatni život bio je daleko od tradicionalnog. Nikada se nije udala, ali je imala emotivne veze, najpoznatiju sa Leom Jogičesom, revolucionarom i saradnikom. Njihov odnos bio je intenzivan i turbulentan, prožet politikom, radom i emocio- nalnim konfliktima. Roza je tokom Prvog svetskog rata bila jedna od najgla- snijih protivnica rata i militarizma, zbog čega je više puta hap- šena. Zajedno sa Karlom Libknehtom osnovala je Spartakov savez, koji će kasnije postati jezgro Komunističke partije Ne- mačke. U januaru 1919. godine, tokom političkih nemira u Berlinu, Roza je uhapšena, pretučena, ubijena hicem iz pišto- lja, a njeno telo bačeno je u kanal u Berlinu i pronađeno tek mesecima kasnije. Tragična smrt pretvorila ju je u simbol političke represi- je, ali i u jednu od najmoćnijih figura evropske levice i žen- skog otpora.
Born 5 th March 1871 in the town of Zamość on the territory of the then Russian Empire (now Po- land), she had Jewish roots and grew up in a fami- ly that valued education. She survived a childhood illness that left her with a limp for the rest of her life. A brilliant student, she became politically ac- tive at a very young age. The revolutionary ideas that meant she was in danger of being arrested prompted her to leave Poland and head to Switzerland, where she studied at the University of Zurich. She earned a doctorate in economics there, which was an almost unimaginable achievement for a woman at the time. She later relocated to Germany and went on to become one of the most important figures of the Eu- ropean socialist movement. Inextricably linked to Clara Zetkin and the ideas that shaped women’s po- litical activism of the time, Luxemburg insisted that freedom must be universal and was famous for the line: “Freedom is always and exclusively freedom for the one who thinks differently.” Her private life was far from traditional. She nev- er married, but had romantic relationships, most fa- mously with fellow revolutionary and collaborator Leo Jogiches. Their relationship was intense but tur- bulent, shaped by politics, work and emotional con- flicts. Rosa was one of the most vocal opponents of war and militarism during World War I, which led to her being arrested several times. It was togeth- er with Karl Liebknecht that she founded the Spart- acus League, which would later come to form the nu- cleus of the Communist Party of Germany. It was during a period of political unrest in Berlin in Jan- uary 1919 that Rosa was arrested, beaten and shot and killed. Her body was dumped in a canal and only found months later. Her tragic death made her a symbol of political repression, but also one of the most powerful figures of the European left and women’s resistance.
Roza Luksemburg drži govor u Štutgartu 1907. Rosa Luxemburg gives a speech in Stuttgart in 1907.
Women’s Day » Dan žena | 77
Made with FlippingBook interactive PDF creator