LIGHTING
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Because every room deserves to feel better G reat design doesn’t just decorate a
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Enquiries: www.eurolux.co.za
Lighting for roads and precincts in South Africa: a technical guide for engineers E fficient, compliant, and safe road lighting plays a critical role in ensuring visibility, enhancing security, and enabling safer mobility across emphasis is on horizontal illuminance, ensuring uniform lighting for mixed traffic and pedestrian use.
depreciation (LLD), luminaire dirt depreciation (LDD), and environment • Scheduled cleaning and relamping intervals • Inspection and performance testing protocols • Recordkeeping and maintenance documentation Designers must incorporate a suitable MF (typically ranging from 0.7 to 0.9) into lighting calculations to ensure minimum light levels are sustained over the luminaire’s lifetime. Public lighting standards: SANS 10098 Part 1 & 2 South Africa’s SANS 10098-1 and SANS 10098-2 are the cornerstone standards governing public lighting design and performance. SANS 10098-1: Public Lighting – Part 1 Focuses on lighting for roads and public areas and covers: • Classification of lighting classes (ME, CE, S) • Performance requirements such as: • Illuminance and luminance levels • Uniformity • Glare control • Colour rendering index (CRI)
• Safety and visual comfort for road users
SANS 10098-2: Part 2 Covers technical requirements and application guidance, such as: • Selection and positioning of luminaires • Electrical infrastructure and control systems • Energy efficiency and environmental impact • Luminaire ingress protection (IP) and impact resistance (IK) These standards align with international best practices (e.g., CIE and EN 13201) while addressing unique South African conditions. Engineering for performance and compliance Designing lighting for roads and precincts is more than installing luminaires; it’s about aligning engineering principles with national standards and practical maintenance realities. By following South Africa’s road classifications, leveraging precise calculation methods, adhering to maintenance guidelines, and complying with SANS 10098, engineers can deliver lighting solutions that enhance safety, efficiency, and quality of life.
South Africa’s transport infrastructure. Engineers and electrical professionals involved in lighting design must balance complex factors such as road classification, performance standards, and maintenance to ensure robust and compliant lighting solutions. In this article, the Illumination Engineering Society of South Africa (IESSA) outlines key considerations when designing road and precinct lighting in South Africa, including road classifications, lighting calculation methodologies, maintenance guidelines, and applicable standards. Road types and classifications in South Africa South African roads are classified primarily based on function, traffic volume, and role in the transport network. These classifications help engineers determine appropriate lighting methodologies, either luminance-based or illuminance-based, as outlined in SANS 10098-1. This group includes national roads, freeways, high-volume arterials and collector roads. These are high-speed, high-traffic routes where luminance- based lighting design and glare limitation are essential to support driver visibility, especially at interchanges, off-ramps, and key decision points. Luminance reflects the brightness of the road surface as seen by the driver and considers: • Observer position • Reflectance of the surface (default R3 in SA) • Uniformity of luminance • Glare (threshold increment) Group A (A1–A4): major roads and freeways Luminance measurements can only be conducted with a luminance meter and not an illuminance meter. Group B (B1–B3): residential streets This group covers urban arterial roads and local residential roads that connect various neighbourhoods or commercial areas. The
Group C (C1–C2): wholly pedestrian areas This group applies only to pedestrian paths, precincts, and parks. Lighting design here focuses on semi-cylindrical illuminance and enhancing comfort, safety, and aesthetics within communities. For Groups B and C, illuminance (horizontal or semi-cylindrical) is used, measured with an illuminance meter at ground or eye level for pedestrian-focused areas. Lighting calculations Accurate photometric design is at the heart of effective lighting. The Point-by-Point (PBP) calculation method is one of the most reliable for detailed lighting design. It involves calculating the illumination at specific points on a surface based on the luminaires’ photometric data. Key parameters include: • Luminous Intensity Distribution (LID) of the light source • mounting height of luminaires • luminaire spacing • tilt angle and overhang • surface reflectance PBP ensures precise illumination analysis and is often supported by lighting design software such as DIALux, AGi32, or Relux. Engineers use this method to meet SANS 10098 recommendations for minimum average illuminance (Eav), uniformity ratio (Emin/Eav), and glare control (threshold increment). Maintenance and lumen depreciation: ARP 035 guidelines Maintenance is a critical yet often overlooked component of lighting infrastructure. The Association of Reticulation of Public Lighting’s ARP 035 provides industry- accepted guidelines for maintaining lighting systems and ensuring longevity and performance. It includes: • Maintenance Factor (MF) determination, which accounts for lamp lumen
Enquiries: www.iessa.org.za
SPARKS ELECTRICAL NEWS
JANUARY 2026
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