ﰲ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﱂ ﳛﻆ ﺑﺈﲨﺎع اﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ . ﻟﺬا ﺳﻌﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن إﱃ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻧﻄﻼًﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ أﻃﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ، ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ : ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﳊﻘﻞ ) (The field ﻟﺒﻴﲑ ﺑﻮردﻳﻮ ) Pierre (Bourdieu 1 ، اﻟﱵ ﺗﺰاﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻄﻮر ﳑﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ وﺗﻨﻮﻋﻬﺎ، وإﳊﺎح اﻟﺴﺆال ﻋ ﱠﻤﻦ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﰲ ﰲ Û ﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ اﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ . وﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ا o ﺎل اﻟﻌﺎم 2 ﻟﻴﻮرﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﺑﺮﻣﺎس ) (Jürgen Habermas ، وأﻛﺴﻴﻞ ﻫﻮﻧﻴﺚ Axel) (Honneth ، وﺣﻨﱠﺎ أرﻧﺪت ) (Hannah Arendt ، وأوﺳﻜﺎر ﻧﻴﻐﺖ ) (Oskar Negt ، ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺗﺮاﺟﻌﺖ اﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻠﻴﺔ وﺑﺪأت ﺗﻌﻴﺶ أزﻣﺘﻬﺎ، وﺗﺰاﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ " ﲡﺪﻳﺪ " اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ، وﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ اﳌﻴﺪﻳﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﺔ ) (Mediatization اﻟﱵ ُﺗﻌﺪ ﺿﺮًﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ " ﻣﻴﺘﺎ ﻣﺴﺎر " اﻟﺬي ﻳﺮوم ﺗﻮﻃﻴﺪ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ : اُﳌْﺮِﺳﻞ واﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ واﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﱵ ﻳﺸﺘﻐﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ، واﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ اﻟﺘﻘﲏ ) اﳌﻴﺪﻳﺎ ( اﻟﺬي ﻳﻀﻄﻠﻊ ﺑﺄدوار اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ وﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ) اﻟﺘﻤﺜﱡﻼت واﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎج .( وﳝﻜﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ اﻧﻄﻼًﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ اﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺜﻼث اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ 3 : أ ( اﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻹﻋﻼﻣﻴﺔ وﻣﺎ ﲢﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺜﱡﻼت . ب ( اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم اﳌﺘﺰاﻳﺪ ﲟﺎ ﻫﻮ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎرﻩ راﻓًﺪا ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ اﻹﻋﻼﻣﻲ وﳎﺎًﻻ ﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ اﳌﻴﺪﻳﺎ . ج ( إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎت ﺗﺄوﻳﻞ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﳌﻴﺪﻳﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻫﻮ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ 4 . ﻟﻘﺪ اﺗﺴﻤﺖ اﻟﺒﺤﻮث اﻟﱵ اﻋﺘﻤﺪت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻷﻃﺮ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ، اﻟﱵ ُﺗﻌﺪ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ وُﺗﺼﻨﱠﻒ ﰲ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﻮث اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻘﻴﺔ، ﺑﺎﻧﺰﻳﺎﺣﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻷﻣﱪﻳﻘﻴﺔ اﶈﻀﺔ وﺗﻮﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﳓﻮ اﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت اﳌﻴﺪﻳﺎ 5 . 1 - اﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﳌﺜﺎل : Eugenia Siapera, Lia - Paschalia Spyridou, “The Field of Online Journalism: A Bourdieusian Analysis,” in Eugenia Siapera, Andreas Veglis, The handbook of global Online Journalism (John Wiley & Sons, 2012), 77 - 98. 2 - اﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﳌﺜﺎل : Maria Francesca Murru, “New media – new public spheres? An analysis of online shared spaces becoming public agoras,” in Nico Carpentier et al., Communicative approaches to politics: The Intellectual work of 2009 ECREA European Media and communication doctoral summer School, (Tartu University Press, 2009),141 - 156. 3 - Nick Couldry, “Mediatization: What is It?” in Nico Carpentier et al., Media Practice and Everyday Agency in Europe, (lumière, 2014), 35. 4 - ﻟﻼﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ اﳌﻴﺪﻳﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲝﻮث اﻹﻋﻼم ﰲ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ، ﳝﻜﻦ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﱃ : Eliane Fernandes Azzari, “Endangered languages, social subjects and mediatization: the case of Wikitongue,” International Journal of Innovation Education and Research, Vol. 7, no. 8, (2019), “accessed November 18, 2021”. https://bit.ly/3fPPcSz 5 - Salaverría, “Digital journalism,” op, cit .
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