Nanocarbon functionalised micro and nanoelectrodes for electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensing Rachel Bocking 1 , Prof Helen Picton 2 , Dr Paolo Actis 3 , Dr Robert Menzel 1 1 School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, UK, 2 School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK 3 School of ElectricalEngineering, University of Leeds, UK This work investigates the modification of micro and nanoscale electrodes with electro-catalytic nanomaterials for enhanced electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide in the context of embryonic development monitoring. Dynamic and quantitative monitoring of hydrogen peroxide around individual blastocysts is key to understanding embryo health and metabolism, but it remains extremely challenging. 1 While carbon nanoelectrodes and ultra- microelectrodes have been utilised for minimally invasive sensing in tissue 2 , their use in single cell studies remains underexplored due to poor signal-to-noise and selectivity issues. Tuning of electrochemical sensors with electro-catalytic nanomaterials can improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor towards specific chemical species of interest. 3 Electrophoretic functionalisation of electrodes with high-surface-area metal-nanoparticle/ nanocarbon composite coatings is investigated here, alongside molecular functionalisation of nanocarbons with enzymes. Using a macro-electrode model system, a range of nanoparticle/nanocarbon coatings were screened and optimised towards H 2 O 2 sensing in a complex, biologically relevant medium. The macroscale study was then used as a platform to transpose electrode functionalisation to the microscale and nanoscale to substantially improve sensitivity and limit of detection. The resulting enhancements in H 2 O 2 sensing are key milestones for the ultimate project goal of in-situ metabolite sensing at the single cell level, through integration of functionalised nanoelectrodes into existing cell imaging technologies. References 1. M. A. Riaz and Y. Chen, Nanoscale Horizons , 2022, 7 , 463-479. 2. P. Actis, S. Tokar, J. Clausmeyer, B. Babakinejad, S. Mikhaleva, R. Cornut, Y. Takahashi, A. L. Cordoba, P. Novak, A. I. Shevchuck, J. A. Dougan, S. G. Kazarian, P. V. Gorelkin, A. S. Erofeev, I. V. Yaminsky, P. R. Unwin, W. Schuhmann, D. Klenerman, D. A. Rusakov, E. V. Sviderskaya and Y. E. Korchev, ACS Nano , 2014, 8 , 875–884. 3. H. Yu, J. Yu, L. Li, Y. Zhang, S. Xin, X. Ni, Y. Sun and K. Song, Frontiers in Chemistry , 2021, 9 , 677876.
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