I*? !-. WDc7 8S . 6" 67 .*. £ J;7 "I D &5 2 £ .4 kGj A-^ >c8 >X 9 *I 6_j "+7. *I Y +. \n >c8 / i\z! +@ i ". G_ -? ; h . :" .. I ' ~T+? / 7+? g@ TU# =D . \ ". ". ) 1 ( "T2 ^M *+ £ TD ^^ 4 4». ' . >cK7^S o5 / 6" , Y \"K_ NT7< >c8 / £ .. _! @ \ UM_ 0<27 .20. 5"." [ -# D&5 i< KGc. . U I .. ;+ 7. ) raison d’être ( 7. -. ' g@ | i -# NT@ ¥"K 1+_ NT- J727 i ´U" o0 i A7n "I iW~7.S 1G . "7^ Y L 9*. 7 / h2D"G -. 1982 -. "7^4 "@ 9*. i 1961 17^ t5 ' -_ i k7 -. 7. -. A@ . ) 2 ( ) 1 ( Bernard Lewis, The Emergence of Modern Turkey , 3 rd edition, Oxford University Press, 2002, p. 254-55 ) 2 ( Heinz Kramer, Ibid, p. 38
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