DIA (Dedicated Internet Access): A private, un- shared high-speed internet connection delivered to a single business location via fiber or private line— providing guaranteed bandwidth and high reliability for mission-critical operations. MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching): Enterprise WAN technology that routes traffic using labels rather than network addresses, improving speed, reliability, and quality of service across multi-location networks. SD-WAN (Software-Defined Wide Area Network): Cloud-managed networking technology that centralizes control of branch network traffic across multiple internet connections, delivering MPLS-level performance at significantly lower cost. Wi-Fi 6 / 6E / 7: Successive generations of WiFi standards providing increasing capacity, speed, and efficiency. Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) is current enterprise standard; Wi-Fi 6E adds 6GHz band capacity; Wi-Fi 7 delivers multi-gigabit speeds for the most demanding environments. PATHWAY 4: SECURITY Access Controls: Security measures—both physical (key-card readers, biometrics) and digital (passwords, MFA)—that restrict who can access specific resources, systems, or physical spaces. Advanced Persistent Threat (APT): A prolonged, targeted cyberattack in which an unauthorized actor gains and maintains access to a network over an extended period, typically to steal data or
monitor activity without detection. PSIM (Physical Security Information Management): Software platform that aggregates data from multiple physical security systems—cameras, access control, alarms, sensors—into a single unified command and response interface. Zero Trust Security: A cybersecurity framework oper- ating on the principle of “never trust, always verify”— requiring all users and devices, inside or outside the network perimeter, to be continuously authenticated before accessing resources. CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television): Video surveillance system using cameras to monitor and record activity in specific areas, used for security monitoring, loss EMV: Global payment standard (named for Europay, Mastercard, and Visa) requiring POS terminals to read encrypted chip data from payment cards. Merchants operating non-EMV-compliant terminals bear liabil- ity for fraudulent transactions processed on those terminals. NFC (Near-Field Communication): Short-range wireless technology enabling contactless communication between devices—the underlying technology for tap-to-pay transactions via Apple Pay, Google Pay, and contactless credit cards. Point-to-Point Encryption (P2PE): PCI-DSS security standard requiring payment card data to be 51 prevention, and incident investigation. PATHWAY 5: POINT-OF-SALE (POS) AND PAYMENTS
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