BRONCHITIS | DISEASE BRIEFS
Bronchitis is one of the most frequently encountered respiratory conditions in the phar- macy setting. It occurs when the bronchial tubes—the airways that connect the windpipe to the lungs—become inflamed and irritated. This inflammation leads to increased mucus production, narrowed airways, and the signature symptom: a persistent cough. There are two primary types of bronchitis: acute and chronic. Acute bronchitis is usually triggered by a viral infection and often develops after a cold or the flu. It typically resolves within two to three weeks but can leave behind lingering fatigue and coughing spells. Chronic bronchitis, by contrast, is a long-term condition that falls under the umbrella of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It’s defined by a productive cough that lasts for at least three months each year for two consecutive years and is most often caused by smoking or long-term exposure to environmental irritants. Regardless of the type, pharmacy technicians are key players in helping patients manage symptoms, navigate insurance barriers, and ensure the safe, effective use of medications and devices BRONCHITIS DISEASE STATE BRIEF
SYMPTOMS OF BRONCHITIS Symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity of bronchitis, but the core complaints tend to be consistent: • Persistent cough (with or without mucus) • Chest tightness or discomfort • Shortness of breath or wheezing • Mild fever or chills (more common with acute bronchitis) • Fatigue or feeling run-down • Increased mucus production, particularly in the mornings (common in chronic bronchitis) If a patient’s symptoms last longer than three weeks, worsen over time or include blood in the sputum, it’s important that they follow up with a healthcare provider. Pharmacy technicians should refer these concerns to the pharmacist promptly.
PRESCRIPTION TREATMENTS
The treatment of bronchitis depends on whether the condition is acute or chronic, as well as on the patient’s medical history and risk factors. For acute bronchitis, medications are usually aimed at relieving symptoms rather than curing the infection: • Antibiotics , such as azithromycin or amoxicillin-clavulanate, may be prescribed only when a bacterial infection is suspected or if the patient is at higher risk for complications. • Short-acting bronchodilators , like albuterol inhalers, are used to open airways and reduce wheezing or chest tightness. • Systemic corticosteroids , including prednisone or methylprednis- olone, may be prescribed in more severe or persistent cases to reduce airway inflammation. For chronic bronchitis, treatment typically involves maintenance medica- tions that reduce symptoms, prevent flare-ups, and improve lung function: • Long-acting bronchodilators , such as tiotropium (Spiriva) and salmeterol (Serevent), help keep airways open throughout the day. • Inhaled corticosteroids , like fluticasone or budesonide, are often used in combination with bronchodilators in products such as Advair or Symbicort. • Nebulized medications , including albuterol and ipratropium, may be prescribed for patients who struggle with inhaler technique or require more intensive therapy. • Systemic corticosteroids are occasionally used during exacerba- tions to reduce severe inflammation. • Mucolytics , like acetylcysteine, may be added to help thin mucus and improve clearance. Pharmacy technicians should confirm the delivery method (inhaler vs. nebu- lizer), check that any required devices (spacers, masks) are provided, and verify dosing instructions match the prescribed product.
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