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The NIOSH Hazardous Drug List
EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS DRUGS
Healthcare workers, including pharmacy technicians and pharmacists, physicians, operating person- nel, environmental service workers, veterinary care workers and shipping/receiving personnel may be exposed to HDs and develop adverse health effects. Pharmacists and pharmacy technicians may be exposed to HDs through: • inhalation
• injection • environmental contamination.
Many hazardous drugs must be reconstituted, transferred from one container to another, or over- seen before administration to patients. Nurses and physicians may be exposed to HDs when administering them to patients. HDs may be admin- istered by intravenous, intra-arterial, intramuscular, subcutaneous, IV infusion, oral or enteral tube, intra- cavitary to include intraperitoneal, topical, intraspinal, and inhalation.
• skin contact • eye exposure • accidental ingestion
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