Around the World 2
2 Pairwork. Students complete the exercise individually, then ask and answer the questions in pairs. Check answers in open class and elicit a few examples of students’ personal responses. Note that although already and just are grammatically interchangeable in questions 3 and 4, the key gives the most likely order. Answers 1 ever 2 since 3 already 4 just 5 for 6 yet LANGUAGE NOTE We can use the present perfect + for to show how long a situation has been going on, and the present perfect + since to show when a situation started. Since can only be used with perfect tenses. For can also be used with the past simple. Just is usually used with the present perfect and it means ‘very recently’. It comes between the auxiliary verb ( have ) and the past participle. Yet is used to talk about something which is expected to happen. It means ‘up until the present time or implied time’. It is used in questions and negatives, and usually comes at the end of the sentence. Already is used to say that something has happened early – or earlier than it might have happened. It usually comes in the middle of a sentence. Highlight that we often use been to , instead of gone to when we refer to completed visits, e.g. Sue’s just gone to the supermarket. She’ll be back in about 10 minutes. (Sue hasn’t returned from the supermarket yet.) / Sue’s just been to the supermarket. She bought some bread. (Sue has returned from the supermarket.) OPTIONAL EXTENSION Students write two true sentences and one false sentence about themselves using the adverbs in Exercise 2. In pairs or small groups, they read out their sentences for their partner to guess which sentences are true or false. EXTRA SUPPORT Dictate or read these sentences aloud to the class: 1 She’s ____ to visit Jack. She’ll be back home tomorrow. (gone) 2 Have you ever ____ to Paris? (been) 3 You’re late. Where have you ____ ? (been) 4 My brother’s ____ to Thailand. He’s staying there for three weeks. (gone) Say ‘beep’ for the gap and ask students to write been or gone in their notebooks. Have them compare in pairs before you check answers in open class. 3 Students complete the exercise. Have them compare in pairs before you check answers in open class. Suggested answers 1 has had her bike for four years 2 you (ever) been to Rome before 3 haven’t stayed in Paris (before) 4 have / ’ve been waiting for the train since 1 o’clock
GRAMMAR 1 Present perfect simple and continuous Student’s Book, page 22 Lesson aims • Understand the correct usage of the present perfect simple and continuous • Practise using the past simple, present perfect simple and present perfect continuous LEAD-IN Play Grammar tennis . Write on the board the infinitive form of some verbs students have seen in the unit so far, e.g. do, have, take, make, read, start, finish, fly, invent, sit, build, carry, think, choose , etc. Divide the class into two teams: A and B. Ask a volunteer from team A to ‘serve’ one of the infinitives on the board to a student on team B. This student must say the past participle form to win a point. If he/she gets it wrong, he/she gets a second chance (like the second service in tennis). If he/she still gets it wrong, elicit the correct form and write it on the board. It is now team A’s turn to respond to the return and give the past simple form of the same infinitive. Team A only has one chance. Then team B serves an infinitive. The first team to get five points is the winner. Grammar in context Students complete the task. Refer them to the information in the Remember box if they aren’t sure. Check answers in open class and ask students to explain their choice. Remind students that they can find more information in the Grammar reference, Unit 2, pages 138–139. Answers 1 Have, ever 2 been posting 3 realised LANGUAGE NOTE In both the present perfect simple and continuous, our reference point is the present. Remind students that there is often very little difference between the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous, e.g. I ’ve lived here for five years and I ’ve been living here for five years. Both tenses show a connection to the present. However, we use the present perfect continuous when we want to emphasise the process and duration of an action and say how long something has been happening up to now. If the action is very short, we cannot use the continuous form. Highlight that when a verb describes a state and not an action, we don’t use the continuous tenses. 1 Students complete the exercise. Check answers in open class. Answers 1 heard 2 found 3 been writing 4 stayed
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