Forever learning 1
5 Pairwork. Students read their sentences to each other and guess which are true or false. Ask them to give reasons for their answers. Answers Students’ own answers OPTIONAL EXTENSION Students choose a skill (e.g. juggling, mending a puncture on a bike, making an omelette, etc.) and write a simple set of instructions for a beginner on how to do it. Alternatively, students make a short film showing and describing what to do. Homework Workbook Unit 1: Listening, page 8 GRAMMAR 2 Tenses (2): present perfect simple, past perfect simple Student’s Book, page 15 Lesson aims • Understand the correct usage of the present perfect simple and past perfect simple • Practise using the present perfect simple and the past perfect simple LEAD-IN Play Grammar tennis . Write on the board the infinitive form of some verbs students have seen in the unit so far, e.g. do, take, teach, be, make, sleep, become, have, get, give, etc. Divide the class into two teams, A and B. Ask a volunteer from Team A to ‘serve’ one of the infinitives on the board to a student on Team B. This student must say the past participle form to win a point. If he / she gets it wrong, they get a second chance. If he / she still gets it wrong, elicit the correct form and write it on the board. It is now Team B’s turn to ‘serve’ and Team A’s turn to respond to the service and give the past simple form of the same infinitive. Team A only has one chance. The first team to get five points is the winner. Grammar in context Students complete the task. Refer them to the Remember box if they need help. Check answers in open class. Remind students that they can find more information in the Grammar reference, Unit 1, page 140. Answers 1 Because it’s a situation that started in the past and continues up to the present. We can’t use the past perfect because the situation still exists now. 2 They use the past perfect to show the action happened before a time in the past. We can’t use the present perfect because the reference point for the action is the past, not the present.
LANGUAGE NOTE Present perfect simple, past simple and past perfect simple Both the present perfect simple and the past perfect simple talk about something that happened before a point in time (the reference point). In the present perfect simple, our reference point is the present. In the past perfect, our reference point is in the past. Highlight the contracted form of had ( ‘d ). It is difficult for students to hear short forms, so they must listen carefully for ‘d / hadn’t and pay attention to the context to be sure of the tense being used. 1 Students complete the exercise. Students compare in pairs before you check in open class. Answers 1 had been 2 have 3 has been 4 hadn’t been, realised 5 wanted, didn’t have 6 have looked, didn’t understand EXTRA SUPPORT Ask students to make negative and interrogative sentences in the present perfect simple, past simple or past perfect simple using some of the verbs in Exercise 1. 2 Students complete the exercise. Have students check in pairs before you check their answers in open class. Answers 1 ever 2 since 3 before 4 yet / already, just 5 yet 6 so 3 Students complete the exercise. Check answers in open class. Answers 1 have 2 studied / took 3 had 4 didn’t 5 made 6 hadn’t 7 already 8 has DIFFERENTIATED LEARNING Give less confident students the answers in a jumbled order to help them complete the exercise ( already, didn’t, made, had, hadn’t, has, have, studied / took ) . 4 Students read the questions and identify the adverbs / time references. Then they complete the exercise. Check answers in open class. Answers 1 Is this the first time you’ve studied this grammar? / Was this the first time you had studied this grammar? 2 Had you learnt to speak English before you were 11? 3 Have you got a job for the summer holidays yet? 4 Had you managed to ride a bike by the age of five? 5 Have you ever thought of becoming a scientist? 5 Pairwork. Students ask and answer the questions with short answers. Answers Students’ own answers
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