Celebrating
Black History Month
Ohio Black History
1835-2024
Presents: 2447 Nebraska Ave, Toledo, OH 43607
1835-2024 Ohio Black History
Call: (419)255-4444
"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. -Dr. MLK Jr
1835
Oberlin College Becomes a Pioneer in Education
O berlin College was among the first institutions in the U.S. to admit Black students. It became a symbol of progress and a prominent hub for abolitionist activities. This opened doors to higher education for many African Americans, fostering generations of Black leaders.
1837
Charles Henry Langston Advocates for Abolition
C harles Henry Langston, an early abolitionist from Chillicothe, played a crucial role in the anti-slavery movement. He worked to educate and inspire African Americans to demand their rights. His activism laid the groundwork for future legal battles for racial justice.
“I shall never be taken into slavery. We have a common humanity. You would do so; your manhood would require it.” -Charles Henry Langston
-Charles Henry Langston
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OHIO BLACK HISTORY
1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe Publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin
H arriet Beecher Stowe penned her influential novel in Cincinnati, Ohio. Inspired by the realities of the Ohio River as a boundary between slavery and freedom, her work galvanized the abolitionist movement. It became a powerful tool in the fight against slavery. 1858 John Mercer Langston Elected Town Clerk -Harriet Beecher Stowe -John Mercer Langston
J ohn Mercer Langston, a prominent abolitionist, was elected town clerk of Brownhelm Township. He was one of the first African Americans in Ohio elected to public office. His election marked a milestone in Black political representation in the state.
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1863
The 5th U.S. Colored Infantry Regiment O hio raised several African American regiments during the Civil War. The 5th U.S. Colored Infantry Regiment, largely made up of Black Ohioans, fought valiantly for the Union Army. Their service was a testament to African Americans’ commitment to freedom and justice.
5th United States Colored Infantry Regimen
1874
Benjamin W. Arnett Becomes a Leading Religious Figure R everend Benjamin W. Arnett of the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church in Ohio emerged as a prominent leader. He used his platform to fight against racial segregation in public schools. His advocacy helped promote racial equality through education and faith.
-Benjamin W. Arnett
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OHIO BLACK HISTORY
1880
Ohio’s Civil Rights Act Signed into Law O hio passed one of the earliest state-level Civil Rights Acts, prohibiting discrimination based on race. The law guaranteed equal access to public accommodations. This legislation set an example for other states to follow in the fight against systemic racism.
1910
Garrett Morgan Moves to Cleveland
-Garrett Morgan
I nventor Garrett Morgan, best known for the traffic signal and gas mask, moved to Cleveland to expand his businesses. Over time, his innovations saved countless lives and cemented his legacy as a prolific Black inventor. Morgan became a symbol of ingenuity and perseverance.
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1916
The Great Migration Transforms Ohio Cities
D uring the Great Migration, thousands of African Americans moved to cities like Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati. They sought better economic opportunities and an escape from racial violence in the South. Their presence enriched Ohio’s industrial workforce and cultural landscape.
1920 K aramu House, founded in Cleveland, became the first interracial theater in the U.S. It provided a stage for African American artists to showcase their work and tell authentic stories. Karamu House embodies a lasting commitment to cultural diversity in the arts.
The Rise of Karamu House
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OHIO BLACK HISTORY
1935
Carl Stokes Born in Cleveland
C arl Stokes, who would later become the first Black mayor of a major U.S. city, was born. His future election as Cleveland’s mayor in 1967 marked a turning point in American politics. Stokes’ leadership inspired generations of Black politicians across the nation.
-Carl Stokes
1942 L ockbourne Air Base, near Columbus, served as a training site for the Tuskegee Airmen. These brave African American pilots played a pivotal role in World War II. Their legacy demonstrated the skill and bravery of Black servicemen despite racial prejudice.
Tuskegee Airmen Train at Lockbourne Air Base
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1950
Althea Gibson Competes in Cincinnati Tennis Tournament A lthea Gibson broke racial barriers by competing in the Cincinnati Open, becoming the first African American to participate. Her inclusion marked a significant step toward integrating professional sports. Gibson’s courage paved the way for future Black athletes.
1954
The Reverend E. W. Congdon Fights for Civil Rights
R everend Congdon of Columbus was a leading figure in organizing protests against racial discrimination. He championed the desegregation of public spaces. His efforts contributed to the broader Civil Rights Movement in Ohio and the nation.
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OHIO BLACK HISTORY
1961
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) Organizes in Cleveland
C ORE opened its Cleveland chapter to fight segregation and inequality in the North. Through demonstrations, sit-ins, and voter registration drives, CORE challenged systemic racism. Cleveland’s chapter became one of the most active in the nation.
1963
MLK’s Visit to Cleveland
-Dr. Martin Luther King Jr
D r. Martin Luther King Jr. gave speeches in Ohio, including a notable address in Cleveland. He called for unity and action to combat racial injustice. His visit energized local Civil Rights efforts and inspired lasting change.
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1966
Carl Stokes Campaigns for Cleveland Mayor C arl Stokes launched his historic campaign to become Cleveland’s mayor. Running on a platform of equality and inclusion, he inspired hope among Black communities. His election victory the following year made history.
-Carl Stokes
1967
Carl Stokes Becomes Cleveland Mayor
C arl Stokes was elected as the first Black mayor of a major U.S. city. His leadership broke barriers and reshaped political landscapes. Stokes’ term emphasized urban renewal and racial equality.
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OHIO BLACK HISTORY
1970
Toni Morrison Publishes The Bluest Eye
O hio-born writer Toni Morrison published her debut novel, The Bluest Eye. Set in Ohio, the book confronted themes of race, identity, and beauty standards. Morrison’s work solidified her as one of America's greatest literary voices.
1975
-Toni Morrison
Jesse Owens Memorial Stadium Established J esse Owens, an Ohio native and Olympic gold medalist, was honored with a stadium in Columbus. Known for his record-breaking performance at the 1936 Olympics, Owens showcased unparalleled talent and courage. The stadium serves as a tribute to his legacy.
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1981
Wilberforce University Celebrates 125 Years
W ilberforce University, the first Black-owned and operated university in the U.S., celebrated its 125th anniversary. Founded in 1856, it played a pivotal role in educating African Americans. Its graduates have made significant contributions to multiple fields.
Congressman Louis Stokes Chairs the Select Committee
L ouis Stokes, brother of Carl Stokes, became the first African American to chair the U.S. House Intelligence Committee. Representing Cleveland, his work in Congress advanced policies to uplift marginalized communities. His leadership remains a point of pride for Ohio.
-Louis Stokes
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OHIO BLACK HISTORY
2002 National Afro-American Museum Reopens in Wilberforce T he National Afro-American Museum and Cultural Center reopened after renovations in Wilberforce. Dedicated to preserving African American history, it showcases artifacts, art, and documents central to Black heritage. It remains a beacon of cultural education in Ohio.
2007
LeBron James Gains National Attention
LeBron James, a high school basketball phenom from Akron, was drafted into the NBA in 2003 and rose to fame by 2007. Representing Ohio, his success embodies resilience, talent, and commitment to his roots. James’ influence extends far beyond sports.
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-Lebron James
2011 C leveland welcomed the NAACP National Convention, showcasing the city’s commitment to civil rights. Leaders from across the country gathered to address ongoing racial disparities and plan for the future. The event highlighted Cleveland’s role in advancing Black empowerment.
Cleveland Hosts the NAACP National Convention
2013
Edith Sampson Honored for Legal Achievements
O hio native Edith Sampson, the first Black woman elected to the United Nations General Assembly, was posthumously honored. Known for her work as a lawyer and diplomat, she broke numerous racial and gender barriers. Her achievements continue to inspire.
-Edith Sampson
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OHIO BLACK HISTORY
2020
Protests for Racial Justice in Ohio Cities
F ollowing national movements for racial justice, Ohio cities like Columbus and Cleveland saw widespread protests. These demonstrations called attention to systemic racism, police brutality, and inequality. Ohioans of all backgrounds came together to demand lasting change.
2021 O hio officially recognizes Juneteenth as a state holiday, commemorating the end of slavery in the U.S. Celebrations across Ohio honor African American freedom and culture. This designation highlights the continued struggle for justice while celebrating progress.
Ohio Honors Juneteenth as a State Holiday
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2023
Freedom and Soul Music Festival H eld on Juneteenth weekend, this festival centered on the connection between freedom and the enduring spirit of Black music. From gospel roots to hip-hop, the festival highlighted the musical contributions of Black Ohioans, such as funk legends The Ohio Players. The lineup included performances by local emerging artists and renowned acts, alongside educational panels exploring the intersection of music, activism, and social justice.
2024
Ohio Black Women’s Legacy Exhibit
T imed with Women’s History Month, this month-long exhibit highlighted the achievements of Black women from Ohio throughout history. The exhibit featured figures such as poet and activist Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, who fought for women’s and racial rights, and Toni Morrison, the literary powerhouse from Lorain, Ohio.
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OHIO BLACK HISTORY
O hio's Black history is a testament to resilience, innovation, and progress. The state played a pivotal role in the Underground Railroad, offering refuge to countless individuals seeking freedom. Influential figures like Charles Henry Langston and Toni Morrison have left indelible marks, advancing civil rights and culture. Cities like Cincinnati and Cleveland became hubs for Black artistic expression and political activism, fostering movements that shaped the nation. From the strides made in education and business to the powerful voices in literature and music, African American communities have profoundly contributed to Ohio’s identity, ensuring their legacy continues to inspire future generations. Ohio's Black history
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"From the whispers of freedom along the Underground Railroad to the thunderous voices of artists, activists, and change-makers, Ohio's Black history is a powerful tapestry of resilience and triumph. This book invites you to explore the legacies that shaped a state- and a nation-while inspiring the generations yet to come."
Call: (419)255-4444
2447 Nebraska Ave, Toledo, OH 43607
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