Appendix 3
Reference Document 3-1
In addition to land protection measures, other management activities and conservation actions may be planned and implemented more readily for year-round resident species and for migratory species that occur annually for more than short periods. Scores are assigned based on a species’ period of occurrence in North Carolina.
When does the species occur in the state?
(a) Permanent resident species. (b) Resident during breeding season. (c) Resident during winter or non-breeding season. (d) Migrates through. (e) Transient or rare occurrence.
Metric 20. Management for Sustainability and Species Subject to Exploitation. Designing and implementing measures to conserve biological diversity is a complex problem. In addition to the need for scientific data to make informed decisions, the planning process is also subject to prioritization as well as the availability of budget and resources (Arponen 2012, Tear et al. 2005) . Given these limitations and constraints, it is important to direct efforts toward those species with the greatest need rather than focusing a majority of resources on species that will persist without conservation efforts (Arponen 2012) . Populations that are most at risk of extinction will likely have the greatest management need to maintain the potential for recovery or to preserve genetic diversity of the species. Conceptually, the sustainable use of wildlife does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity and maintains present and future uses of the resource (Weinbaum et al. 2013) . Measures can be taken to support sustainable harvests or protect populations, including management for sustainable yields, restoration of habitats to benefit the species, propagation to supplement populations intended for harvest or collection, and targeted law enforcement oversight to detect illegal harvest or take. Species subject to exploitation through harvest are game animals and sport fish. Nongame species may be exploited through permits that allow limited collection for scientific study or for business or personal uses. Illegal taking of animals for exportation, pet trade, or food is another source of exploitation.
Ranking scores are assigned based on the extent to which management efforts are needed for conservation of at-risk populations or to sustain harvestable populations.
2015 NC Wildlife Action Plan
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