Chapter 4 Habitats
An increase in impervious surfaces due to roads, parking lots, homes, and businesses increases the amount and speed of runoff being delivered into aquatic systems. Runoff from urban areas often contains higher concentrations of nutrients (such as nitrogen and phosphorus), sediment, metals, hydrocarbons, and microbes. Decreased groundwater recharge between storms due to impervious surfaces leads to a decrease in stream base flows.
Figure 4.2.3-1. Location of coldwater habitats.
Invasive Species. Introduction of nonnative species creates competitive pressure on native populations. Yellowfin Shiner is native to the Savannah River Basin but has been introduced to the Little Tennessee River Basin, and its range could expand into other coldwater systems with warming water temperatures. Climate Impacts. Lower water levels during dry times will increase stress to the system. Connectivity to contributing waters within the system will be restricted or eliminated by low- and no-flow conditions. Changes in flow regime will likely result in changes in the overall stream morphology and transport of sediment.
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2025 NC Wildlife Action Plan
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