Chapter 4 Habitats
climate change ( DeWan et al. 2010 ). Table 4.4.7-1 summarizes the comparison of climate change with other existing threats.
Table 4.4.7-1 Climate change compared to other threats to grass and heath balds. Threat Rank Order Comments
1 Trees and shrubs have been invading Grassy Balds in recent years. The ecological processes that kept them open in the past are not well known and appear to no longer operate. 2 Development (primarily housing) has had an impact upon both the habitat and the species utilizing it. 3 Heath Balds are probably less likely to be strongly affected by climate change than Grassy Balds. Communities and species associated with this ecosystem are likely to be affected by changes in temperature and mild winters associated with climate change. 4 Conversion to pastureland has historically degraded some Grassy Balds and continues to be a threat even at otherwise protected sites. Agriculture activities that threaten these areas include Christmas tree production. 5 It is unclear if fire is likely to be harmful or beneficial. If wildfires increase, it could offset the problem of tree and shrub invasion and could allow balds to expand. 6 The invasion of native shrubs and trees is a greater concern than exotic species in Grassy Balds. Problems with exotic species invasion in Grassy Balds may increase with warmer temperatures and increased fire, but this is not certain. Pasture grasses, Coltsfoot, and Angelica are the most common exotic species likely to invade Grassy Balds. In addition to these, the Roan Mountain area has been invaded by thistle, Spotted Knapweed, and Garlic Mustard. Some of these are currently restricted to the roadsides, but others (thistle in particular) have been found on the balds. Seeds are brought in on vehicles (trucks and tractors) and boots and spread from roadsides and trails. Invasive exotics may be more of a problem than currently acknowledged.
Woody Succession
Development
Climate Change
Conversion to agriculture/ silviculture
Wildfire
Invasive Species
4.4.7.5 Impacts to Wildlife Appendix 3 provides a list of SGCN and other priority species for which there are knowledge gaps and management concerns. Appendix 3-17 (wildlife) and Appendix 3-22 (plants) identify SGCN that depends on or are associated with this habitat type.
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2025 NC Wildlife Action Plan
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