Er Srbija u fokusu / Air Serbia close up
KAPETAN Uroš Rosić Captain
ŠTA JE TURBULENCIJA I DA LI JE OPASNA? WHAT IS TURBULENCE AND IS IT DANGEROUS?
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urbulencija je potpuno normalno stanje tokom leta, avioni su napravljeni tako da mogu bez problema
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urbulence is a completely normal occurrence dur- ing a flight; planes are made to be able to withstand
da je izdrže koliko god jaka bila i zato nema baš nikakvog razloga za strah. Mi, piloti, uvek znamo gde možemo da očekujemo turbulenciju i trudimo se da je izbegnemo, jer može biti neugodna za putnike, ali ne i opasna. Drmusanje aviona može se tokom leta osetiti u četi- ri faze. Prvo, pri uzletanju i sletanju, kada govorimo o ta- kozvanoj termičkoj turbulenciji koja nastaje zbog tempe- raturnih prilika pri tlu, usled različite zagrejanosti terena i termičkih stubova. Dakle, karakteristična je kod poletanja i sletanja na manjim visinama. Sledi mehanička ili orografska turbulencija, koja se javlja kada fizičke strukture kao što su planine, brda i zgrade poremete strujanje vetra. Veoma lako ju je predvi- deti i piloti jednostavno izbegavaju da lete u blizini veli- kih struktura na malim visinama. Na srednjim visinama mogu nastati uglavnom tur- bulencije usled oblaka ili strujanja unutar njih, dok je po- slednja faza ona u kojoj se javlja takozvana turbulencija vedrog vremena (clear-air turbulence). Do nje dolazi ka- da je avion postigao punu visinu, nalazi se iznad oblaka, u potpuno čistom i vedrom okruženju, u kojem, međutim, može doći do naglih promena temperature i vetra, što iza- ziva turbulenciju. Sve je to sasvim normalno okruženje u kom avion le- ti. Avioni su napravljeni tako da mogu da izdrže turbulen- cije koje se očekuju i nije problem čak ni kada je turbulen- cija jača (turbulencija može biti slabog, srednjeg, jakog i ekstremnog intenziteta). Može biti neprijatno, ali ne pred- stavlja ugrožavanje bezbednosti niti pretnju za ljudske ži- vote. Reč je o prirodnim fenomenima na koje su piloti spremni, a avioni otporni.
it without a problem no matter how strong it is, which is why there’s no real reason to be afraid. We pilots always know where we can expect turbulence and we try to avoid it, because it can be uncomfortable for passengers, but it’s not dangerous. The plane shaking can be felt during four flight phas- es. First, while taking off and landing, when we talk about so-called thermal turbulence, which is caused by ground temperature conditions, due to the different temperature of the land surface and thermal columns. Thus, it is charac- teristic to experience turbulence during take-off and land- ing, at lower altitudes. Next is mechanical or orographic turbulence, which occurs when physical structures, such as mountains, hills and buildings, disturb the airflow. It is easy to predict and pilots simply avoid flying close to large structures at low altitudes. At medium altitudes, turbulence mainly occurs due to clouds or airflows within them, while the last phase is the so-called clear-air turbulence. This occurs when the plane has reached its cruising altitude and is located above the clouds in completely clean and clear surroundings, where sudden changes in temperature and wind speed can still happen, causing turbulence. These are all quite normal conditions under which planes fly. Aircraft are made to withstand turbulence, and it isn’t even a problem when turbulence is stronger (turbulence can be of weak, medium, strong and extreme intensity). It can be uncomfortable, but doesn’t pose a risk to safety or a threat to human lives. These are natural phenomena that pilots are ready for, and planes resistant to.
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