Key Findings of State Summaries
• California was the top Indian gaming state in generating the most Jobs (159,781), Labor Income ($10.0 billion), Economic Output ($27.5 billion) and Taxes ($4.8 billion). • Oklahoma was the next Indian gaming state in generating the most Jobs (84,887), Labor Income ($3.8 billion), Economic Output ($11.3 billion) and Taxes ($1.8 billion). • Economic Spillovers followed California and Oklahoma in generating the most Jobs (74,899), Labor Income ($5.2 billion), Economic Output ($14.6 billion) and Taxes ($1.7 billion). In economics, spillover effects are economic events in one context that occur because of something else in a seemingly unrelated context. Spillover Effect, as the name states “the effect which spills over”. In the United States, each state is dependent on the others economy in some of the way, in such situations a slight change in the economy or state of “A” may lead to change into the economy of “B”. In measuring the statewide impacts of Indian gaming, these spillover effects have been captured for this study. • Washington was the third Indian gaming state in generating the most Jobs (52,009), Labor Income ($2.9 billion), Economic Output ($7.8 billion) and Taxes ($1.6 billion). • Florida was the fourth Indian gaming state in generating the most Jobs (50,155), Labor Income (2.7 billion), Economic Output ($8.3 billion) and Taxes ($1.4 billion). • The bo ttom five states, which includes: Alaska, Nevada, Montana, Nebraska, and Wyoming generated Jobs (5,084), Labor Income ($178.4 million), Economic Output ($479.3 million) and Taxes ($87.1 million). The jobs generated in the bottom five states represent only 0.7% of the overall total which stands at 684,158. • The top fi ve states, which includes: California, Oklahoma, Washington, Florida, and Arizona generated 57.3% of the Jobs (392,236), Labor Income ($21.8 billion), Economic Output ($61.0 billion) and Taxes ($10.6 billion). • The next twenty-three states generated 31.7% of the Jobs (217,023), Labor Income ($9.9 billion), Economic Output ($26.2 billion) and Taxes ($5.1 billion).
40 INDIAN GAMING - ANNUAL REPORT 2023
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