Tagetes erecta (African Marigold) Technical tips for successful germination
Webinar, 08-08-2024
Inca Orange 70041091
Tagetes assortment #1
Great trinity: Antigua, Inca & Inca II
Inca (9 – 10 cm pot)
Antigua (packs, 9 – 11 cm pot) Excellent choice for rain season
Inca II (9-11 cm pots)
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Tagetes erecta assortment #2 Perfection – for perfect landscaping performance
Perfection (10-17 cm pots)
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Tagetes assortment #3 New members in the star team.
Cheerleader (10-15 cm pots)
WhiteGold Max (10-15 cm pots)
Big top (10-15 cm pots)
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Tagetes erecta assortment #3
Series
Genetic
Pot size
Width
Height
Plant type
Application
Specific features
Antigua
Syngenta Syngenta Syngenta Syngenta Syngenta Floranova Floranova Floranova
9-11 9-11 9-11
25-30 30-35 30-35 30-35 35-45
25-30 30-35
Compact Pack Bedding & Borders Genetically compact
Inca
Medium Pack
Landscape Landscape Landscape
Top sales
Inca II
30-35 Medium Landscape 60-75 Vigorous Landscape
Day neytral
Perfection
10-17
Indi
-
90-100
Garland
Garland
Big Top
10-15 10-15 10-15
25-30 30-35(40) Medium Landscape
Landscape Landscape Landscape
Genetically compact
Cheerleader WhiteGold
25-35 20-25
35-45 Vigorous Landscape 35-40 Vigorous Landscape
Unique color
Page 103 – 2024/25 Catalog
Syngenta Flowers
Floranova
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Pillars of hygienic.
...continue with clean condition
Let’s start with clear area...
Keep clean working area on regular base Continue control weeds pests & diseases Disinfection practice (mats antiseptics)
Disinfection treatment
Remember clean hands!
Separate area / greenhouse Gap in production for total cleaning
Clean or disposable instruments & Avoid transit (people, plants, materials)
Control weeds and plants!
Start with new / clean materials.
Avoid transit
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Hygiene is first...
Of course, if you don’t want to see plants like this!
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Aster yellows phytoplasma symptoms
Preparation. “Hygiene is first” #3 Mind a gap (between trays and ground)! • No matter what kind of method you will use, the bottom of the trays shouldn’t touch greenhouse floor.
Small gap…
…or big one
Doesn’t matter it should be
Ground should be covered!
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Disinfection library
List of commercially available chemicals.
Features and surface reactions
Chemical class*
Common Active Ingredients
Sample Trade Names*
Precautions Bactericidal Virucidal Fungicidal Sporicidal
• Slow acting • Affected by pH
• Best at high temps • Corrosive to metals • Severe skin burns; mucous membrane irritation • Environmental hazard • Slow acting • Affected by pH and temperature • Irritation of skin/ mucous membrane • Only use in well ventilated areas • Fast acting • Affected by pH • Frequent application • Inactivated by UV radiation • Corrodes metals, rubber, fabrics, • Mucous membrane irritation • Stable in storage • Affected by pH • Requires frequent application • Corrosive • Stains clothes and treated surfaces • Pungent odor • Noncorrosive • Fast acting • May damage some metals (e.g., lead, copper, brass, zinc) • Powdered form may cause mucous membrane irritation • Low toxicity at lower concentrations • Environmentally friendly • Can leave residual film on surfaces • Can damage rubber, plastic; non-corrosive • Stable in storage • Irritation to skin and eyes
+
+
+
+
trisodium phosphate (TSP) 10 % solution
Alkalis
Very caustic
+
+/-
+
+
formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, ortho-phthalaldehyde
Aldehydes
Synergize®
Carcinogenic Toxic gas released if mixed with strong acids or ammonia
+
+
+
+
sodium hypochlorite (bleach), calcium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide
Halogens: Chlorine
Clorox®, Wysiwash®
+
+
+
+/-
Halogens: Iodine
povidone-iodine
hydrogen peroxide/ accelerated HP, peracetic acid, potassium peroxymonosulfate ortho-phenylphenol, orthobenzylpara-chlorophenol
Rescue®, Oxy-Sept 333®, Virkon-S®, ZeroTol®, OxiDate®, SaniDate® One-Stroke Environ®, Pheno- Tek II®, Tek-Trol®, Lysol® Roccal-D®, DiQuat®, D-256®, Physan 20®, Green Shield®, Klean GrowTM
+
+
+/-
+
Proxygene Compounds
+
+
+
-
May be toxic to animals
Phenols
• Stable in storage • Best at neutral or alkaline pH • Effective at high temps
+
+
+
+
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
benzalkonium chloride, alkyldimethyl ammonium chloride
• High concentrations corrosive to metals • Irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract
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Be sure in seed quality
Be sure your seeds came from reliable source. Inform Customer Service. Seeds storage. Keep seeds from heat and sun. Proper temperature + 3–5 0 C. Relative humidity 40–60 %. Safe or lockers. Keep open sachet only with temperature + 3–5 0 C.
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5 components of success with Tagetes seedlings
Prevent plant stretch
Substrate disinfection
Ca to make your seedlings strong
Like higher pH!
Be careful with Fe / Mn excess
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First success component – clean substrate #1
• Use the cleanest possible substrate for sowing as much as it possible. • Choose most clean components:
Substrate component
Clean score, 1 - 5*
Recommend
perlite
5 5 5 4 4 3 3 1
yes yes yes yes yes
sand
vermiculite cocopeat wood fibers peat moss rise husk natural soil
possible possible
not really recommended
• * 5 is most clean, 1 is less clean
Sanitize substrate, even if you use natural components
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First success component – clean substrate #2
• Most common Tagetes seedling diseases.
Disease
Active ingredients (rate in chemical)
Active Ingredient concentration in solution g/l* 3.2 g/l mancozeb + 0.2 g/l mefenoxam 0.4 g/l azoxystrobin + 0.16 g/l cyproconazole
Use as prophylactic
+
mancozeb (640 g/kg) + mefenoxam (metalaxyl-M) (40 g/kg)
Alternaria
azoxystrobin (200 g/l) + cyproconazole (80 g/l)
+
fludioxonil (25 g/l) iprodione (50%)
0.05 g/l 1.25 g/l
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (82.5%)
0.83–1.2 g/l 0.5–0,75 g/l 0.75–1,25 g/l
Botrytis
fenhexamid (50%)
pentachloronitrobenzene (75%)
azoxystrobin (50%)
0.15 g/l
Pythium
pyraclostrobin (12.8%) + boscalid (25.2%)
0.03–0.07 g/l pyraclostrobin or/and 0.05–0.15 g/l boscalid
+
propamocarb (600 g/l) iprodione (50%) azoxystrobin (50%) fludioxonil (125 g/l)
1.8 g/l
1.25 g/l 0.15 g/l
+
0.05–0.07 g/l
Rhizoctonia
chlorothalonil (72%) + thiophanate-methyl (18%)
0.75–1,25 g/l chlorothalonil or/and 0.18–0,27 g/l
pentachloronitrobenzene (75%) polyoxin D zinc salt (11.3%)
0.75–1,25 g/l
0.07 g/l
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First success component – clean substrate #3
• You can succeed, even with natural substrate components. • Use antiseptic treatments: - hot water / vapor application (+ 80 0 C), - chemical treatment (KMnO4 – 30―50 mg/l, propamocarb (Previcur), fludioxonil), - biological protection ( Gliocladium catenulaturm , Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amylolquefaciens, Streptomyces sp. K 61, Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC 108, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma gamsii… )
There are many commercial biological products available on the market
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Second success component – pH higher
• Porous substrate (Up to 20―30% of perlite). • Rinse cocopeat well.
• leavening agent: perlite > vermiculite > zeolite > sand. • Sift the substrate to obtain a uniform particle size 0―5 mm • pH range: 6.1 ―6.5
6
2 3 4 5
7 8
• SME: 0.5 mS/cm • Saturate substrate up to level 5 right before sowing. Level 5 SATURATED Level 4 WET Level 3 MEDIUM Level 2 MEDIUM DRY Level 1 DRY
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Sowing / germination stage (0―3(5) days)
• Suggested tray size – 228 (264) cell • Seed – place 1 seed per cell • Do I need to cover the seed? Yes
Tagetes seed NO needs light to germinate
• Soil Temp: 22―24 degrees C • pH range: 6.1―6.5 • SME: 0.5―0.75 mS/cm
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Third success component – Fe/Mn toxicity
pH + Ca & Mg Keep pH on rather high level – 6.1―6.5 to avoid Fe/Mn toxicity. Use fertilizers with low phosphorus concentration: 15-5-15 or 15-5-10, or 15-3-10, or 18-5-18. Ca and Mg are antagonists of Fe/Mn
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Fourth success component – Ca/Mg Make your plants strong!
Pay attention Ca and Mg fertigation. NPK fertilizers are poor with Ca and Mg
Apply Ca(NO 3 ) 2 + Mg(NO 3 ) 2 every 3
rd ―5 th watering
week 1
week 4
week 2
week 3
1.7
1.5 1.5 1.5
1.5 1.5 1.5
1.5
1.5
1.3 1.3
1.3
1.3 1.3
1.0 1.0
0.7
Water EC, mS/cm
0.4-0.5
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Fifths success component – avoid stretching #1
• Never apply clean water!!! • Use clean water only for substrate saturation before sowing. • Provide 75 –125 ppm N with every watering. • If you apply Ca+Mg and watering with fertilizers, PGR’s are not necessary.
Seedlings watered with fresh water without fertilizers get stretched
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Fifth success component – avoid stretching #2
• How to transfer 75 –125 ppm of N into gram of fertilizers? • The range of nitrogen recommended in the growing tips is 57 – 125 ppm. • Let’s start with 75 ppm. • 75 ppm means 75 mg should be added into 1 l of water. • There is available fertilizer with NPK rate like 15–5– 17 % on the farm. • NPK rate like 15–5– 17 contains 15 mg of nitrogen in 100 g. • Thus, to get 75 mg of nitrogen we need to take: (75 x 100)/15 = 500 mg of fertilizer.
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Again, about Integrated protection…
• The best practice is to prevent infection and confirm phytosanitary condition: not let the plant lose the turgor, not overwater plants, control fungus gnats and, sciarids (dark- winged fungus gnats). use clean substrate or apply protective chemicals, control substrate and water temperature, biological protection methods, sticky traps and UV traps is the best solution to reduce thrips population.
• If you need to apply any chemicals check phytotoxicity on small group of plants.
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Elements of Integrated protection…
No material storage
Separate greenhouse
Sticky traps
Quarantine
Clean greenhouse
Gap between plant & ground
Covered ground
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Q&A session.
• Thank you for your time. • For more information, please contact your Key Account Manager.
Amjad.Iqbal@syngenta.com Key Account Manager SEAP (South East Asia & Pakistan) (Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Phillipines, Cambodja, etc)
Ivan.Pozdnyakov@syngenta.com Technical Sales Specialist SA/SEAP
Gautam.Sangle@syngenta.com Key Account Manager SA (South Asia) (India, Nepal, Bangladesh)
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