tissues and membranes, and protect red blood cells from haemolysis (breakdown). Studies show that tocotrienols also reduce factors such as interleukins which mediate inflammation. Due to their antioxidant activity, tocotrienols have long been used for reducing blood cholesterol levels. As previously noted, tocotrienols and tocopherols differ in the tail region of the vitamin E molecule. Tocotrienol has a farnesylated tail, which allows it to downregulate 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG- CoA) reductase. HMG-CoA reductase is an essential enzyme for cholesterol synthesis and is a target for statin therapy. Tocopherol, on the other hand, has a longer phytyl tail without double bonds. This difference in the tail means tocopherol does not downregulate HMG-CoA reductase; however, this downregulation of HMG- CoA reductase is the action which has been shown to decrease total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Tocotrienols also reduce the atherogenic apolipoprotein and lipoprotein plasma levels. In a recent clinical trial, researchers tested the dose-dependent effects of annatto tocotrienols, ranging from 125-750mg daily, in individuals with high cholesterol. Results showed that, after only four weeks, the optimum daily dose of 250mg decreased total cholesterol by 15 per cent, LDL cholesterol by 18 per
On the horizon
Tocotrienols may benefit people with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). This is because oxidative stress and inflammation are known causes for cellular and nervous system damage, and people with ADHD have increased oxidative stress. More research is suggested in this area.
cent and triglycerides by 14 per cent. Furthermore, oxidative modification of LDL was reduced, and this significantly prevented the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Dr Brad McEwen PhD is a naturopath, nutritionist, educator, and researcher.
A golden formula to support bone strength
Always read the label. Follow the directions for use. Vitamin and mineral supplements should not replace a balanced diet.
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ISSUE 55 • 2019
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