Lesson 2 – Interpretation of Penal Laws, Enforceability, and Limitations of Criminal Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
CHAPTER 3 Nature and Characteristics of Felonies 27 Lesson 1 – Dolo and Culpa ......................................... 28 Lesson 2 – Mistake of Fact, Aberratio Ictus, Error in Personae, and Praeter Intentionem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Lesson 3 – Impossible Crime ........................................ 39 Lesson 4 –StagesoftheExecutionofFelonies......................... 41 Lesson 5 – Conspiracy and Proposal as a Felony ....................... 45 Lesson 6 – Complex Crimes ........................................ 47 CHAPTER 4 Justifying and Exempting Circumstances 51 Lesson 1 – Justifying Circumstances – “No Crime, No Criminal” . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Lesson 2 – Exempting Circumstances – “There is crime, but there is no criminal.” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Criminal Law 1
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 5 Mitigating Circumstances
iii
62
CHAPTER 6 Aggravating and Alternative Circumstances 71 Lesson 1 – Classes of Aggravating Circumstances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Lesson 2 –AlternativeCircumstances.................................. 86
CHAPTER 7 Persons Criminally Liable
91 Lesson 1 – Persons Criminally Liable for Felonies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Lesson 2 – Conspiracy as a Means to Commit the Crime / as a Manner ofIncurringCriminalLiability.............................. 98
CHAPTER 8 Imposable Penalties
100
CHAPTER 9 Imposition of Penalties
105 Lesson 1 – Three-Fold Rule ......................................... 106 Lesson 2 – Indeterminate Sentence Law (RA No. 4103, as Amended by RA No. 4225) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Lesson 3 – Repeat Offenders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
CHAPTER 10 Extinction of Criminal Liability
116
CHAPTER 11 Civil Liability
125
Bibliography ........................................................... 130 Index ................................................................ 132
iv
2025 Higher Education Learning Solutions for the Criminal Justice Education Program 222
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