Personal Identification Techniques
What are composites and their different techniques? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 What are mug shots? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Whatexactlyisthelineup?...................................... 71 What are the problems or challenges with police lineups? . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Suggested Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Practice Exercises .................................................. 74 Connections and Applications / Relevance of the Lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Summary of Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Chapter Key Concept Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Chapter Test ........................................................... 81 Chapter Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Industry/CareerinFocus ................................................ 86
ix What are the processes of DNA analysis in forensic science – short tandem repeats? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 How do we analyze DNA profile using the Y chromosome DNA?. . . . . . . . 153 How do we conduct examination of mitochondrial DNA? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 What are the rules in DNA evidence in the Philippines? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 What is CODIS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 WhatisNDIS? ................................................ 159 Suggested Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Practice Exercises .................................................. 162 Connections and Applications / Relevance of the Lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Summary of Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Chapter Key Concept Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Chapter Test ...................................................... 169 ChapterProject ................................................... 173 Industry/CareerinFocus ............................................ 175 What is DNA? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 WhatisDNAevidence?......................................... 149 Whatareloci? ................................................ 149 Whatisreferenceor“known”samples? ........................... 149 WhatisforensicDNAanalysis?................................... 149 How do we collect and preserve DNA evidence? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 HowdowecompareDNAprofiles? ............................... 151 What are the different methods of DNA analysis? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 What is the role of forensic odontology in disaster mass identification and personal identification? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 What are the important terms used in forensic odontology? . . . . . . . . . . 131 What are the procedures for collection of evidence inforensicodontology?......................................... 133 What are the special scientific techniques used in forensic odontology? . 134 How is forensic odontology used in the determination of the age ofaperson? .................................................. 136 What are the procedures in forensic odontology used in the determinationofageofaperson?................................ 137 How is forensic odontology used in the determination of ethnicity of a person? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 What is dental evidence and how is it collected? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 What is bite mark identification? How important is criminal investigation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 SuggestedActivities ................................................ 139 Practice Exercise .................................................. 142 Connections and Applications / Relevance of the Lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Summary of Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 LESSON 3 FUNDAMENTALS OF DNA ANALYSIS 146 LessonOverview .................................................. 146 LearningOutcomes................................................. 146 Lesson Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
CHAPTER 2 MODERN METHODS OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION
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vii What are the anatomical positions and terms in forensic anthropology? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 What are the methods used in forensic anthropology? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 What are recovery procedures in forensic anthropology? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 What are the various ways of determining the age of human remains? . . 103 What is the process of determination of race in human remains using forensic anthropology? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 What are the scientific steps in the determination of race in human remains using the skull? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 What are the differences in skulls of Negroid, Caucasoid, and Mongoloid in terms of forensic anthropology? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 What are the processes of determination of sex in human remains using forensic anthropology? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 What is the value of pelvis in the determination of sex in forensic anthropology? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 What is the process of stature estimation among human remains? . . . . . 116 What osteological techniques are used to create a biological profile? . . . 117 What osteological techniques are used to identify the cause and mannerofdeath?.............................................. 119 Suggested Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Practice Exercises .................................................. 121 Connections and Applications / Relevance of the Lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Summary of Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 LESSON 2 FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY 127 LessonOverview .................................................. 127 LearningOutcomes................................................. 127 Lesson Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 ChapterOpener........................................................ 87 LESSON 1 FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY 88 LessonOverview .................................................. 88 LearningOutcomes................................................. 88 Lesson Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 What is forensic anthropology? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 What are the components of forensic anthropology? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 What are the applications of forensic anthropology in criminal investigation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 What are the tools used by forensic anthropologists in the examination of human remains? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 What are the terminologies used in forensic anthropology? . . . . . . . . . . . 92 What are the major bones that compose the human skeleton? . . . . . . . . 92 What is forensic odontology? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 What is the value of forensic odontology in criminal investigation? . . . . . 129 What is the importance of forensic odontology in criminal andcivilcases?................................................ 130
CHAPTER 3 THE SCIENCE OF FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION
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ChapterOpener........................................................ 177 LESSON 1 HISTORY, PERSONALITIES, AND PRINCIPLES OF FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION 178 LessonOverview .................................................. 178 LearningOutcomes................................................. 179 Lesson Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Whatarefingerprints?.......................................... 179 What is the relevance of fingerprint science in the criminal justice system? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 What are the historical origins of fingerprint science? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Who are the important personalities in the field offingerprintscience?.......................................... 184 What is the nature of fingerprints?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
2025 Higher Education Learning Solutions for the Criminal Justice Education Program 225 x
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