2025 Higher Education Learning Solutions Catalog

Lesson 5.

Weight and Sufficiency of Evidence ................................................... 69 Burden of Proof vs. Burden of Evidence............................................. 69 Standards of Proof ............................................................................... 70 Confessions in Criminal Cases ........................................................... 74 Circumstantial Evidence in Criminal Cases ....................................... 74 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 75 Summary ............................................................................................. 75

Exceptions to the Original Document Rule......................................... 131 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 135 Summary ............................................................................................. 135 Parol Evidence Rule ............................................................................ 137 Exceptions to the Parol Evidence Rule................................................ 140 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 143 Summary ............................................................................................. 144 Exceptions to the Original Document Rule......................................... 131 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 135 Summary ............................................................................................. 135 Parol Evidence Rule ............................................................................ 137 Exceptions to the Parol Evidence Rule................................................ 140 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 143 Summary ............................................................................................. 144 Evidence

Lesson 11.

Chapter Test .................................................................................................................. 77

Lesson 12. Electronic Evidence............................................................................. 145 Kinds of Electronic Evidence.............................................................. 145 Admissibility and Proof of Electronic Evidence ................................. 148 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 150 Summary ............................................................................................. 150 Lesson 12. Electronic Evidence............................................................................. 145 Kinds of Electronic Evidence.............................................................. 145 Admissibility and Proof of Electronic Evidence ................................. 148 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 150 Summary ............................................................................................. 150 Chapter Test .................................................................................................................. 152

CHAPTER III OBJECT EVIDENCE

Learning Objectives ..................................................................................................... 82 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 82

Lesson 6.

v DNA Evidence..................................................................................... 89 What is DNA ....................................................................................... 89 Procedure on Using DNA Evidence .................................................... 91 Application for DNA Testing Order ........................................... 92 Post-conviction DNA Testing ..................................................... 93 Weight of DNA Evidence .................................................................... 95 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 98 Summary ............................................................................................. 98 Evidence in Drug Cases ...................................................................... 99 Chain of Custody Rule ........................................................................ 99 Mandatory Witness Rule..................................................................... 105 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 105 Summary ............................................................................................. 105 Evidence in Drug Cases ...................................................................... 99 Chain of Custody Rule ........................................................................ 99 Mandatory Witness Rule..................................................................... 105 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 105 Summary ............................................................................................. 105 Evidence in Drug Cases ...................................................................... 99 Chain of Custody Rule ........................................................................ 99 Mandatory Witness Rule..................................................................... 105 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 105 Summary ............................................................................................. 105 Object Evidence................................................................................... 83 Purpose of Object Evidence ................................................................ 83 Weight of Object Evidence .................................................................. 83 Categories of Object Evidence ............................................................ 84 Specific Examples of Object Evidence................................................ 85 Paraffin Cast ............................................................................... 85 Fingerprints ................................................................................ 85 Marked Money............................................................................ 86 Polygraph Test............................................................................. 86 Other Examples of Object Evidence.................................................... 86 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 87 Summary ............................................................................................. 88 DNA Evidence..................................................................................... 89 What is DNA ....................................................................................... 89 Procedure on Using DNA Evidence .................................................... 91 Application for DNA Testing Order ........................................... 92 Post-conviction DNA Testing ..................................................... 93 Weight of DNA Evidence .................................................................... 95 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 98 Summary ............................................................................................. 98 DNA Evidence..................................................................................... 89 What is DNA ....................................................................................... 89 Procedure on Using DNA Evidence .................................................... 91 Application for DNA Testing Order ........................................... 92 Post-conviction DNA Testing ..................................................... 93 Weight of DNA Evidence .................................................................... 95 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 98 Summary ............................................................................................. 98

Chapter Test .................................................................................................................. 152

CHAPTER V TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE CHAPTER V TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE

Learning Objectives ..................................................................................................... 154 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 154 Learning Objectives ..................................................................................................... 154 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 154

Lesson 13:

Witnesses............................................................................................. 155 Rights and Obligations of Witnesses................................................... 155 Qualifications of a Witness ................................................................. 156 Disqualifications of Witnesses ............................................................ 158 Disqualification for Lack of Personal Knowledge or Perception to Testify............................................................... 160 Disqualification by Reason of Marriage..................................... 162 Disqualification by Reason of Privileged Communications....... 162 Impeachment of Witnesses.................................................................. 170 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 172 Summary ............................................................................................. 172 Witnesses............................................................................................. 155 Rights and Obligations of Witnesses................................................... 155 Qualifications of a Witness ................................................................. 156 Disqualifications of Witnesses ............................................................ 158 Disqualification for Lack of Personal Knowledge or Perception to Testify............................................................... 160 Disqualification by Reason of Marriage..................................... 162 Disqualification by Reason of Privileged Communications....... 162 Impeachment of Witnesses.................................................................. 170 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 172 Summary ............................................................................................. 172

Lesson 13:

Lesson 7. Lesson 7. Lesson 7.

vii Lesson 14. Admissions by Third Parties ............................................................... 174 Res Inter Alios Acta Rule..................................................................... 174 Exceptions to the Res Inter Alios Acta Rule ........................................ 175 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 180 Summary ............................................................................................. 180 Lesson 14. Admissions by Third Parties ............................................................... 174 Res Inter Alios Acta Rule..................................................................... 174 Exceptions to the Res Inter Alios Acta Rule ........................................ 175 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 180 Summary ............................................................................................. 180 vii Lesson 15. Hearsay Evidence ................................................................................ 182 Hearsay Rule ....................................................................................... 182 Not Hearsay ......................................................................................... 184 Exceptions to the Hearsay Rule .......................................................... 187 Dying Declaration....................................................................... 188 Statement of Decedent or Person of Unsound Mind................... 190 Declaration Against Interest ....................................................... 192 Act or Declaration about Pedigree .............................................. 193 Family Reputation or Tradition Regarding Pedigree .................. 194 Common Reputation ................................................................... 195 Part of the Res Gestae................................................................. 196 Records of Regularly Conducted Business Activity................... 198 Entries in Official Records ......................................................... 199 Commercial Lists and the Like................................................... 200 Learned Treatises........................................................................ 201 Testimony or Deposition at a Former Proceeding ...................... 202 Residual Exceptions.................................................................... 203 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 205 Summary ............................................................................................. 205 Lesson 16. Opinions of Witnesses......................................................................... 206 Opinion of Expert Witness.................................................................. 206 Opinion of Ordinary Witness and Character Evidence....................... 209 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 211 Summary ............................................................................................. 212 Lesson 16. Opinions of Witnesses......................................................................... 206 Opinion of Expert Witness.................................................................. 206 Opinion of Ordinary Witness and Character Evidence....................... 209 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 211 Summary ............................................................................................. 212 Chapter Test .................................................................................................................. 213 Chapter Test .................................................................................................................. 213 Bibliography ............................................................................................................... 215 Bibliography ............................................................................................................... 215 Index ............................................................................................................................. 222 Index ............................................................................................................................. 222 Lesson 15. Hearsay Evidence ................................................................................ 182 Hearsay Rule ....................................................................................... 182 Not Hearsay ......................................................................................... 184 Exceptions to the Hearsay Rule .......................................................... 187 Dying Declaration....................................................................... 188 Statement of Decedent or Person of Unsound Mind................... 190 Declaration Against Interest ....................................................... 192 Act or Declaration about Pedigree .............................................. 193 Family Reputation or Tradition Regarding Pedigree .................. 194 Common Reputation ................................................................... 195 Part of the Res Gestae................................................................. 196 Records of Regularly Conducted Business Activity................... 198 Entries in Official Records ......................................................... 199 Commercial Lists and the Like................................................... 200 Learned Treatises........................................................................ 201 Testimony or Deposition at a Former Proceeding ...................... 202 Residual Exceptions.................................................................... 203 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 205 Summary ............................................................................................. 205

Lesson 8. Lesson 8. Lesson 8.

Chapter Test .................................................................................................................. 107 Chapter Test .................................................................................................................. 107 Chapter Test .................................................................................................................. 107

CHAPTER IV DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE CHAPTER IV DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE CHAPTER IV DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Learning Objectives ..................................................................................................... 110 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 110 Learning Objectives ..................................................................................................... 110 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 110 Learning Objectives ..................................................................................................... 110 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 110

Lesson 9. Lesson 9. Lesson 9.

Classification of Documents ............................................................... 111 Public Documents ............................................................................... 111 What are Public Documents ....................................................... 112 Proof of Public Documents......................................................... 116 Private Documents .............................................................................. 120 What are Private Documents ...................................................... 120 Proof of Private Documents........................................................ 121 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 125 Summary ............................................................................................. 125 Classification of Documents ............................................................... 111 Public Documents ............................................................................... 111 What are Public Documents ....................................................... 112 Proof of Public Documents......................................................... 116 Private Documents .............................................................................. 120 What are Private Documents ...................................................... 120 Proof of Private Documents........................................................ 121 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 125 Summary ............................................................................................. 125 Classification of Documents ............................................................... 111 Public Documents ............................................................................... 111 What are Public Documents ....................................................... 112 Proof of Public Documents......................................................... 116 Private Documents .............................................................................. 120 What are Private Documents ...................................................... 120 Proof of Private Documents........................................................ 121 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 125 Summary ............................................................................................. 125

Lesson 10. Original Document Rule ..................................................................... 127 Original Document Rule ..................................................................... 127 What are Original Documents.................................................... 127 vi Lesson 10. Original Document Rule ..................................................................... 127 Original Document Rule ..................................................................... 127 What are Original Documents.................................................... 127 vi Lesson 10. Original Document Rule ..................................................................... 127 Original Document Rule ..................................................................... 127 What are Original Documents.................................................... 127

Lesson 11.

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2025 Higher Education Learning Solutions for the Criminal Justice Education Program 277

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