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Welder’s Handbook
Incomplete Penetration
Cause
Prevention
Excessively thick root face or insufficient root opening
Use proper joint geometry
Insufficient heat input
Follow welding procedure
Slag flooding ahead of arc
Adjust electrode or work position
Electrode diameter too large
Use smaller electrode or increase root opening
Misalignment of second side weld
Improve visibility or backgouge weld
Failure to backgouge when specified
Backgouge to sound metal if required in welding procedure specification Use wider root opening or smaller electrode in root pass
Bridging of root opening
Effects
The presence of slag causes concentrated stress which reduces the durability and productivity of the weld metal.
Corrective Action
Place ceramic tape or approved metal backing strap on the bottom side of the hole. Weld repair the first side of the hole from the easiest side to weld Once sufficient weld metal has been deposited on the easiest top side; grind or carbon arc the other side of the hole to sound metal. Weld the other side of the hole to the appropriate size or height
Inspection & Standards
Radiography Test (RT) Incomplete fusion will be detected as a thin, dark line with sharply defined edges.
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