Welder Handbook (Booklets)

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Welder’s Handbook

Incorrect Shape A groove at the toe or root of a weld either on the weld face or in previously deposited weld metal. Undercut

Weld metal applied to the surface of a weld producing reinforcement greater than that specified. Also referred to as excess weld metal (butt weld) and excess convexity (fillet weld). Excessive Weld Reinforcement

Excessive amperage Too long an arc length

Causes:

Causes:

Incorrect welding parameters. Weld energy input too high. Travel speed too low. Size and type of electrode and welding position. Incorrect welder technique.

Excessive weaving of the electrode. -Too fast a rate of travel. - Angle of electrode too inclined to the joint face Result: A stress concentration site and a potential site for fatigue

Result: Increased distortion and reduced fatigue life.

Undercut

Undercut

An imperfection at the toe or root of a weld caused by metal flowing onto the surface of the parent metal without fusing to it. Overlap

Overlap

Overlap

Incorrect rate of travel. Incorrect “angle of approach”. Too large an electrode size. Too low an amperage.

Causes:

Overlap

Result: Has a similar effect as undercut and produces a stress concentration site due to the unfused weld metal.

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