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Welder’s Handbook
Joint Design and Types of Welds A weld joint is the term used for the specific location where two or more metal pieces are joined through welding. In ensuring a weld of superior quality and optimizing the cost-effective utilization of filler metal, careful attention to joint design is imperative across all weldment types. A proper joint design is pivotal for attaining the requisite strength and ensuring the weld's utmost quality, all while minimizing costs. The chosen joint design plays a decisive role in determining the type of weld necessary.
Groove & Fillet Welds
Five basic joint designs
Groove welds are created in specifically prepared joints to achieve deeper penetration. Groove welds typically need some level of joint preparation, whereas fillet welds can be made on joints without any preparation. When the edges or surfaces of joint members meet at a right angle, the resulting triangular-shaped weld is called a fillet weld. Weld joints should not be too narrow, so as to restrict access of the gas cup. In some cases, using a narrower gas cup, or a gas lens with the electrode extending up to an inch beyond the gas cup will help.
Butt
Corner
T
Lap
Edge
Edge Joints
Edge joints
Edge joints are a common choice when the pieces to be welded won't face significant stresses. However, they're not the best option if there's a risk of impact or high stress on either or both of the welded pieces. An edge joint happens when the edges of parallel or nearly parallel members come together and are joined by a weld. You can change the joints by using methods like grinding, cutting, or machining to shape the edges into a groove. The groove can take various forms, such as square, beveled, V, J, or U. The primary aim of the groove is to enable adequate penetration or depth of fusion.
Square Groove
Bevel
U-Groove
V-Groove
J-Groove
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