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Welder’s Handbook
Butt Joints
Butt joints
A butt joint occurs when the surfaces of the pieces to be welded meet in the same plane. When done correctly, butt joints exhibit excellent mechanical strength. Joint preparation requires: material removal, and welding to fill the groove. Distortion and residual stresses can be challenges with butt joints. These joints can be designed with or without a backing bar or strip. The edges can be shaped into grooves like square, beveled, V, J, or U. When pieces to be welded meet at approximately a 90˚ angle, creating an "L" shape, it's termed a corner joint. Welds on the inside of the "L" are fillet welds, while those on the outside are groove welds. Corner joints are straightforward to assemble and often need minimal joint preparation. Corner Joints Corner Joints
Square Groove
Square Groove with Root Opening
V-Groove
Beveled Butt
J-Groove
U-Groove
Lap Joints A lap joint exhibits strong mechanical properties, particularly when welded on both sides. The degree of overlap between the joint members is usually determined by the thickness of the plate.
Lap Joints
Double Bevel Groove
Single or Double Fillet
Single Bevel Groove
A T-joint forms when the surfaces of two members meet at about 90˚, creating a "T" shape. T-joints exhibit strong mechanical strength, especially when welded from both sides. Typically, they need minimal or no joint preparation and are easily welded with the right parameters. If only a fillet weld is needed, the edges of the T-joint can be left square. T-Joints
T Joints
Fillet T-Joint
J-Groove
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