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Welder’s Handbook
Fillet Welds Fillet welds are approximately triangular cross-sectional shape and are applied to members with surfaces or edges at roughly 90˚ angles to each other. These welds can match or surpass the strength of the base metal when they are of the correct size and made using proper welding techniques. When assessing the size of fillet welds, it's essential to establish the weld contour first, which refers to the shape of the weld's face.
V-Groove
Flare-V and Flare-Bevel Flared-groove welds get their name from the shape of the pieces being welded. Either one or both of the pieces have a rounded edge, creating a natural groove for welding. Typically, you don't need to do any special preparation for this type of weld. Groove Weld Size When you're told to make a weld on a joint, the size of the weld matters because it needs to handle the applied load. To get groove weld size right, it's crucial to know some terms related to typical groove designs, like a V-groove joint. You should be familiar with terms like groove angle, bevel angle, root face, and root opening. The bevel-groove weld also needs preparation, but only one of the members needs to be beveled. Whether backing is used on single bevel-grooves depends on the joint's penetration requirements. Bevel-Groove For thicker materials, U- or J-grooves are good for getting deep into the material. With thicker materials, U- and J-grooves can use a smaller groove angle and still get the fusion right. The usual groove angle for both U- and J-grooves is about 20˚ to 25˚, and this applies to double U- and double J-grooves as well. U- and J-Grooves Making V-groove welds requires careful preparation. Well-executed V-groove welds provide excellent quality. For the root pass of a weld without backing, some melt-through usually occurs, ensuring proper penetration and fusion to prevent defects.
Fillet Face contours
Flat
Convex
Concave
The groove name is taken from the profile of the groove. A groove weld is made in square, V, bevel, U, J, flare-V or flare-bevel type grooves between workpieces. Groove Welds You can make a square-groove weld with an open or closed groove. Typically, open- square-groove-welds have groove openings of 5/32" or less. If you're welding from one side, you might use a temporary or permanent backup bar or strip. For crucial welds, a consumable insert can be used to ensure the right joint penetration, avoid excessive melt-through, or provide a flush backing to the weld. Square-Groove
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