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Welder’s Handbook
certified welders. Individuals who have demonstrated their welding skills for a process by passing a specific welding test. chain intermittent welds. An intermittent weld on both sides of a joint in which the weld segments on one side are approximately opposite those on the other side.
concave fillet weld. A fillet weld with a concave face.
concave root surface. A root surface that is concave.
concavity. The maximum distance from the face of a concave fillet weld perpendicular to a line joining the toes.
conduit liner. A flexible steel tube that guides the welding wire from the feed rollers through the welding lead to the gun used for GMAW and FCAW welding. The steel conduit liner may have a nylon or Teflon inner surface for use with soft metals such as aluminum.
*chill plate. A large piece of metal used in welding to correct overheating.
cladding. A relatively thick layer greater than 1 mm (0.04 in.) of material applied by surfacing for the purpose of improved corrosion resistance or other properties. See also coating, surfacing, and hardfacing.
cone. The conical part of an oxyfuel gas flame adjacent to the orifice of the tip.
coalescence. The growing together or growth into one body of the materials being welded.
constricted arc. A plasma arc column shaped by the constricting orifice in the nozzle of the plasma arc torch or plasma spraying gun. constricting nozzle. A device at the exit end of a plasma arc torch or plasma spraying gun containing the constricting orifice. constricting orifice. The hole in the constricting nozzle of the plasma arc torch or plasma spraying gun through which the arc plasma passes.
coating. A relatively thin layer 1 mm (0.04 in.) of material applied by surfacing for the purpose of corrosion prevention, resistance to high-temperature scaling, wear resistance, lubrication, or other purposes. See also cladding, surfacing, and hardfacing. cold crack. A crack occuring in a metal at or near ambient temperatures. Cold cracks can occur in base metal, heat-affected zones, and weld metal zones. cold soldered joint. A joint with incomplete coalescence caused by insufficient application of heat to the base metal during soldering.
consumable electrode. An electrode that provides filler metal.
consumable insert. Filler metal placed at the joint root before welding and intended to be completely fused into the root of the joint and become part of the weld.
*combustion. A rapid chemical reaction between oxygen and another substance that gives off heat and light.
contact tube. A device that transfers current to a continuous electrode.
*combustion rate. Also known as rate of propagation of a flame, this is the speed at which the fuel gas burns, in ft/sec (m/sec). The ratio of fuel gas to oxygen affects the rate of burning: a higher percentage of oxygen increases the burn rate.
*contamination. Any undesirable material that might enter the molten weld metal.
continuous weld. A weld that extends continuously from one end of a joint to the other. Where the joint is essentially circular, it extends completely around the joint.
complete fusion. Fusion over the entire fusion faces and between all adjoining weld beads.
composite electrode. A generic term for multicomponent filler metal electrodes in various physical forms, such as stranded wires, tubes, and covered wire. See also covered electrode, flux cored electrode, and stranded electrode. *computer-aided design (CAD). Computer software programs that typically use vector lines to produce a mechanical type drawing. *computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). Computer software programs used to aid in the automated manufacturing of parts.
convex fillet weld. A fillet weld with a convex face.
convexity. The maximum distance from the face of a convex fillet weld perpendicular to a line joining the toes.
convex root surface. A root surface that is convex.
copper. A pinkish or peach colored highly thermally and electrically conductive soft metal that resists corrosion.
copper alloys. An alloy primarily containing copper. The two most common copper alloys are brass, a copper tin alloy; and bronze, a copper zinc alloy.
computer control. Control involving one or more electronic digital computers.
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