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How Dogs Bond With Their Human Owners (702) 333-7777 WWW.CLAGGETTLAW.COM JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2024 THE OXYTOCIN CONNECTION
Our family’s beloved rescue dog, Winnie, has been by my side for the past 10 years since we adopted him from a local shelter. Our daily routine always includes his favorite part of the day — when I grab his leash to take him on walks around our neighborhood. On days when I work from home, Winnie keeps a watchful eye on me from across the room, staring intently at the back of my head for hours while waiting for our next stroll. Through the years, his unwavering companionship and loyal devotion have forged an unbreakable bond between us.
the urine of dogs and their owners after positive interactions like belly rubs or playing fetch. Yuck, I know, but it’s also super interesting! Results showed oxytocin concentrations rose in both parties, indicating mutual feelings of affection and contentment. Researchers have also found that gazing deeply into each other’s eyes leads to oxytocin release in both owner and dog. A 2009 experiment by Miho Nagasawa had owners gaze into their dogs’ eyes steadily for 30 seconds. They repeated this several times a day for weeks. The researchers observed significant increases in oxytocin levels and closer behaviors
The relationship between dogs and humans is a unique interspecies bond that has evolved over thousands of years. As dogs transitioned from wild wolves to domesticated companions, they developed an exceptional ability to communicate with and attach to human beings. Scientists are now discovering that the hormone oxytocin plays a key role in driving the powerful bond between dogs and their owners.
between owner and dog afterward. This may be why dogs are so eager to stare lovingly into our eyes! Oxytocin produces physiological benefits as well. Interacting with dogs has been proven to lower their owners’ cortisol (stress hormone) levels and blood pressure. The company of a dog can buffer owners against anxiety,
Tom and his dog, Winnie
Oxytocin is produced in the brains of both dogs and humans. In humans, it has earned a reputation as the “love hormone” or “cuddle chemical” because it is released when people bond with each other through affection, intimacy, or closeness. Oxytocin induces feelings of contentment, calmness, security, and trust. It helps forge and strengthen our closest relationships. Dogs also produce oxytocin within their brains, and research shows that when dogs interact with their human owners, oxytocin levels increase in both the human and the dog. This hormonal response reinforces the bonding behavior between the two species. In a 2009 study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into dogs’ noses and then had owners interact with their dogs as usual. They found that oxytocin accelerated the ability of dogs to establish eye contact with their owners and stimulate social bonding. A similar study published in Science measured oxytocin levels in
loneliness, and depression. One study showed that oxytocin levels spiked in both humans and dogs during a cuddle session, but the human partners saw more significant reductions in cortisol. This suggests the dog-human relationship may be more profoundly soothing for people than for canines. However, dogs clearly benefit from closeness with their pack leader as well. While oxytocin increases feelings of affection and pleasure, it also promotes social bonding by motivating caregiving behaviors. Oxytocin nudges human mothers to nurture, protect, and build trust with their infants through nursing, cradling, and kissing. The same hormone encourages dogs to lick, nuzzle, and cuddle with their puppies. Dog owners often nurture their pets similarly with petting, treats, and belly rubs. The oxytocin
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affection over strangers. This may explain why some dogs remain wary and aloof around unfamiliar people. The oxytocin reinforcement simply hasn’t occurred yet outside their inner circle of human companions. The unique capacity of dogs to communicate with and form attachments to humans ultimately comes down to the biological drive to bond. Oxytocin provides the neurochemical reward that makes human-dog relationships so rewarding for both parties. From eye gazing to cuddling, dogs and people continue building intimacy through oxytocin-releasing interactions. Understanding the science behind the human-canine bond
released cements the attachment on both sides. This is why dogs are so loving with the family members they bond most closely with.
Oxytocin is especially important during imprinting when dogs form attachments early in life. Puppies separated from their mothers too early often fail to bond appropriately with humans later in life. Timing those first oxytocin spikes helps ensure dogs will accept their human caretakers as trusted social partners. This imprinting phase parallels the critical attachment period between human infants and parents. While oxytocin helps build relationships, it can also promote in-group favoritism. Some studies show that oxytocin drives people to favor family and friends over strangers and unknown individuals. Dogs also seem to preferentially engage with familiar individuals who reciprocate their
helps us appreciate what our dogs mean to us and what we mean to them even more. The loving loyalty of our four- legged friends has a solid basis in biology.
–Tom Askeroth
Staying Safe on the Road During Winter Driving
Stay Centered — Drive in the center of your lane to avoid shoulders and tire tracks in snow where ice may have formed. Don’t tailgate or change lanes suddenly. Make any steering adjustments smoothly.
As winter weather sweeps through our state of Nevada, with freezing temperatures and snowstorms impacting road conditions, it’s important for drivers to refresh their knowledge on winter driving safety tips. Following precautions and driving defensively can help you safely navigate slick roads during the colder months. The winter months can be treacherous for drivers due to ice, snow, and cold temperatures. However, being prepared and taking the proper precautions can help ensure you reach your destination safely when driving in winter conditions. Here are key tips to keep in mind for navigating winter weather on the roads. Get Your Vehicle Serviced — Take your vehicle in for service before winter gets into full swing. Make sure your battery, wipers, tires, brakes, defroster, cooling system, and other components are in good working condition. Check that your tire tread is adequate for snow and ice traction. Install winter tires for maximum grip. Remove Ice and Snow — Clear any snow or ice off your entire vehicle, including the roof, hood, side mirrors, and all windows. Snow and ice left on the car can fly off while driving and obstruct your view or hit other vehicles. Don’t forget to scrape ice off headlights and taillights so your vehicle is visible. Equip an Emergency Kit — Keep an emergency kit in your car stocked with essentials like a shovel, flashlight, battery jumper cables, sand/salt, blankets, extra hats/gloves/coats, and snacks. Also, include a first-aid kit and any needed medications. Slow Down — Follow speed limits but reduce your speed further if conditions call for it. It takes much longer to stop on slick surfaces. Leave ample room between you and the vehicle in front of you. Avoid sudden braking or acceleration that could cause you to lose traction.
Don’t Use Cruise Control — Don’t use cruise control when the roads are slippery. You need to stay completely in control of your acceleration and braking. Beware Black Ice — Be alert for black ice in shady areas and on bridges. Check for ice patches that can cause loss of traction and lead to slippage. Drive defensively and avoid these spots if possible. Don’t Power Up Hills — Maintain a steady, moderate speed when driving up hills. Accelerating rapidly can cause wheel spin and loss of control. Try not to stop when ascending a slippery hill. Brake Gently — Begin slowing down early when you need to stop. Apply brakes lightly with smooth, steady pressure. Pumping the brakes can lead to skidding. If your wheels lock up, ease off the brakes. Stay Home if Possible — The safest option in severe winter weather is to avoid driving altogether until conditions improve. Consider delaying travel or working from home. If you must go out, allow ample time for a safe, cautious drive. Following these winter driving safety tips can give you greater confidence and peace of mind when navigating icy, snowy roads. Staying alert and driving defensively will help ensure you get to your destination safely.
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WORKERS’ COMPENSATION AND PERSONAL INJURY
Worker’s Comp Corner ARE REMOTE WORKERS COVERED UNDER NEVADA WORKERS’ COMPENSATION LAW FOR INJURIES WHILE WORKING AT HOME? To be eligible for workers’ compensation under the Nevada Industrial Insurance Act, an injured employee must demonstrate that the injury occurred in the course of and arose out of their employment. This generally requires that the injury happened at work and was due to the work itself or a condition of the workplace. If the injury occurs while the employee is reasonably performing their duties, then the injury arises in the course of employment. An injury arises out of the employment when there is a causal connection between the employee’s injury and the nature of the work or workplace ( Buma v. Providence Corp. Dev. ). Therefore, if a remote worker in Nevada is injured while working from home, they could potentially be covered under Nevada’s workers’ compensation law, provided they can establish that the injury arose out of and in the course of their employment. However, the specific circumstances of the injury would likely be relevant in determining eligibility for workers’ compensation. For example, the nature of the work being performed at the time of the injury, the conditions of the home workspace, and whether the injury occurred during working hours could all potentially factor into the determination.
BAKED SALMON
WITH GARLIC AND LEMON
Prepare to tantalize your taste buds with a zesty dish that combines salmon with the vibrant flavors of garlic and lemon!
Ingredients
• • • • • • •
2 lbs salmon fillets
4 cloves garlic, minced Juice of 2 lemons 2 tbsp olive oil 1 tsp dried oregano 1 tsp dried thyme Salt and pepper, to taste
Directions
1. Preheat oven to 375 F. 2.
Line a baking dish with parchment paper. Place the salmon fillets on the baking dish. In a small bowl, mix together the garlic, lemon juice, olive oil, oregano, thyme, salt, and pepper. Pour the mixture over the salmon. Bake for 15-20 minutes or until the salmon is cooked through. Serve and enjoy!
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INSIDE
1 The Oxytocin Connection Between Dogs and Owners
2 3
Staying Safe on the Road During Winter Driving
Worker’s Comp Corner: Remote Work and Injuries at Home
Baked Salmon With Garlic and Lemon
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The ‘Back to Eden’ Method for Your Garden
Get ‘Back to Eden’ in Your Yard WITH REGENERATIVE GARDENING
Regenerative gardening, often called the “Back to Eden” method, is a game-changer for gardeners. This approach harnesses the power of nature to create a thriving, sustainable garden with minimal effort. We’re here to share what regenerative gardening is, why it’s an excellent choice for gardeners, and how to implement it yourself. WHAT IS REGENERATIVE GARDENING? Paul Gautschi’s documentary “Back to Eden,” featuring his transformative garden, put regenerative gardening on the map. The concept is based on replicating natural ecosystems within your garden by following three basic steps: Wood Chip Mulch: The garden bed is covered with a thick layer of wood chips, mimicking the forest floor. This mulch conserves moisture and slowly breaks down, providing nutrients to the soil.
disruption. No digging or turning of the soil is needed, reducing weed growth and preserving beneficial soil organisms. Natural Composting: Instead of chemical fertilizers, composting is used to enrich the soil naturally. Nutrient-rich materials are added on top of the wood chip mulch, allowing rainwater to help leech the nutrients into the soil.
HOW TO GET STARTED Clear existing weeds to prep the garden, then apply a substantial layer of chemical-free wood chips, at least 4–6 inches deep. Adding a layer of compost atop the wood chips will initiate the natural decomposition process. For planting, create holes or trenches within the wood chips and place your seeds or seedlings directly into the compost layer. To maintain your garden, top the wood chip mulch layer as needed, and continue adding compost annually to nurture your garden. Regenerative gardening is an innovative approach that can transform your green space into a thriving, low-maintenance oasis. Embark on your regenerative gardening journey and witness the magic for yourself!
WHY CHOOSE REGENERATIVE GARDENING?
It’s low-maintenance, serving as an effective weed barrier and moisture retainer, reducing the need for constant weeding and watering while maintaining soil health. Additionally, this method promotes sustainability by removing chemical additives from your garden. The gradual decomposition of wood chips enriches the soil naturally over time, yielding impressive harvests without synthetic fertilizers.
No Tilling: Unlike traditional gardening, regenerative gardening encourages minimal soil
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