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affection over strangers. This may explain why some dogs remain wary and aloof around unfamiliar people. The oxytocin reinforcement simply hasn’t occurred yet outside their inner circle of human companions. The unique capacity of dogs to communicate with and form attachments to humans ultimately comes down to the biological drive to bond. Oxytocin provides the neurochemical reward that makes human-dog relationships so rewarding for both parties. From eye gazing to cuddling, dogs and people continue building intimacy through oxytocin-releasing interactions. Understanding the science behind the human-canine bond
released cements the attachment on both sides. This is why dogs are so loving with the family members they bond most closely with.
Oxytocin is especially important during imprinting when dogs form attachments early in life. Puppies separated from their mothers too early often fail to bond appropriately with humans later in life. Timing those first oxytocin spikes helps ensure dogs will accept their human caretakers as trusted social partners. This imprinting phase parallels the critical attachment period between human infants and parents. While oxytocin helps build relationships, it can also promote in-group favoritism. Some studies show that oxytocin drives people to favor family and friends over strangers and unknown individuals. Dogs also seem to preferentially engage with familiar individuals who reciprocate their
helps us appreciate what our dogs mean to us and what we mean to them even more. The loving loyalty of our four- legged friends has a solid basis in biology.
–Tom Askeroth
Staying Safe on the Road During Winter Driving
Stay Centered — Drive in the center of your lane to avoid shoulders and tire tracks in snow where ice may have formed. Don’t tailgate or change lanes suddenly. Make any steering adjustments smoothly.
As winter weather sweeps through our state of Nevada, with freezing temperatures and snowstorms impacting road conditions, it’s important for drivers to refresh their knowledge on winter driving safety tips. Following precautions and driving defensively can help you safely navigate slick roads during the colder months. The winter months can be treacherous for drivers due to ice, snow, and cold temperatures. However, being prepared and taking the proper precautions can help ensure you reach your destination safely when driving in winter conditions. Here are key tips to keep in mind for navigating winter weather on the roads. Get Your Vehicle Serviced — Take your vehicle in for service before winter gets into full swing. Make sure your battery, wipers, tires, brakes, defroster, cooling system, and other components are in good working condition. Check that your tire tread is adequate for snow and ice traction. Install winter tires for maximum grip. Remove Ice and Snow — Clear any snow or ice off your entire vehicle, including the roof, hood, side mirrors, and all windows. Snow and ice left on the car can fly off while driving and obstruct your view or hit other vehicles. Don’t forget to scrape ice off headlights and taillights so your vehicle is visible. Equip an Emergency Kit — Keep an emergency kit in your car stocked with essentials like a shovel, flashlight, battery jumper cables, sand/salt, blankets, extra hats/gloves/coats, and snacks. Also, include a first-aid kit and any needed medications. Slow Down — Follow speed limits but reduce your speed further if conditions call for it. It takes much longer to stop on slick surfaces. Leave ample room between you and the vehicle in front of you. Avoid sudden braking or acceleration that could cause you to lose traction.
Don’t Use Cruise Control — Don’t use cruise control when the roads are slippery. You need to stay completely in control of your acceleration and braking. Beware Black Ice — Be alert for black ice in shady areas and on bridges. Check for ice patches that can cause loss of traction and lead to slippage. Drive defensively and avoid these spots if possible. Don’t Power Up Hills — Maintain a steady, moderate speed when driving up hills. Accelerating rapidly can cause wheel spin and loss of control. Try not to stop when ascending a slippery hill. Brake Gently — Begin slowing down early when you need to stop. Apply brakes lightly with smooth, steady pressure. Pumping the brakes can lead to skidding. If your wheels lock up, ease off the brakes. Stay Home if Possible — The safest option in severe winter weather is to avoid driving altogether until conditions improve. Consider delaying travel or working from home. If you must go out, allow ample time for a safe, cautious drive. Following these winter driving safety tips can give you greater confidence and peace of mind when navigating icy, snowy roads. Staying alert and driving defensively will help ensure you get to your destination safely.
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WORKERS’ COMPENSATION AND PERSONAL INJURY
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