State of Early Care and Education - 2023

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the support of: • Alliance for Early Success • The Annie E. Casey Foundation

• PNC Financial Services Group • Pritzker Children’s Initiative • W. Clement & Jesse V. Stone Foundation • William Penn Foundation • Vanguard

• The Donley Foundation • The Grable Foundation • The Heinz Endowments

References

1 Gibbs, H. & Malik, R. (2022). Child Care Spending Generates Massive Dividends. Center for American Progress . www.americanprogress.org/article/child-care- spending-generates-massive-dividends/. 2 Gibbs & Malik. (2022). Op cit. 3 National Head Start Association. (2022). Fact Sheet: State Investments in Head Start and Early Head Start to Support At-Risk Children and Families. https://nhsa. org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-EHS-State- Investments.pdf 4 National Head Start Association. (2022). Op cit. 5 Fight for Crime: Invest in Kids & Pre-K for PA. (2016). Preschool Key to Cutting Pennsylvania Prison Costs and Boosting School Success. https://www.prekforpa.org/wp- content/uploads/2016/06/PA-Im-the-Guy-Report-2016- final.pdf 6 Lynch, R.G. (2021). A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the American Families Plan’s Proposed Investment in a Nationwide Public Preschool Program. Washington Center for Equitable Growth . https://equitablegrowth. org/a-cost-benefit-analysis-of-the-american-families- plans-proposed-investment-in-a-nationwide-public- preschool-program/ 7 Lynch. (2021). Op cit. 8 U.S. Census Bureau. (2022). Child Population by Race and Ethnicity and Age Group in Pennsylvania. KIDS COUNT Data Center . https://datacenter.aecf. org/data/tables/8446-child-population-by-race-and- ethnicity-and-age-group?loc=40&loct=2#detailed/2/40/fal se/2048/68,69,67,12,70,66,71,13|62/17077,17078

9 Population Reference Bureau & U.S. Census Bureau (2022). Children in Poverty by Age Group and Race and Ethnicity in Pennsylvania. KIDS COUNT Data Center . https://datacenter.aecf.org/data/tables/8447- children-in-poverty-by-age-group-and-race-and- ethnicity?loc=40&loct=2#detailed/2/40/false/2048/ 2757,4087,3654,3301,2322,3307,2664|17/17079,17080 10 Population Reference Bureau & U.S. Census Bureau (2022). Op cit. 11 The Century Foundation. (2023). Children in Pennsylvania Set to Lose Child Care Due to Child Care Cliff. https://tcf-ccs-map.netlify.app/assets/factsheets/ Child%20Care%20State%20Fact%20Sheet%20-%20 Pennsylvania.pdf 12 Pennsylvania Public School Code of 1949 Act, P.L. 278, No. 45 § 1511-1515 (2007). https:// www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/li/uconsCheck. cfm?yr=2007&sessInd=0&act=45 13 National Head Start Association. (2022). Op cit. 14 National Head Start Association. (2023). Head Start Policy Agenda (2023-2024) . https://nhsa.org/wp- content/uploads/2023/03/Head-Start-Federal-Policy- Agenda-2022-23.pdf 15 National Head Start Association. (2023). Op cit. 16 National Head Start Association. (2023). Op cit. 17 Chazan Cohen, R. (2022). Unpacking How Comprehensive Services in Early Head Start Lead to Impacts for Children & Families. National Head Start Association . https://nhsa.org/wp-content/ uploads/2022/09/9.6.22-NHSA-EHS-Hill-Briefing.docx. pdf

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