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UROGENITAL This should include visual examination of the patient and include palpation of the urinary bladder. As part of the primary survey in evaluation of the urogenital system an ultrasound may be performed to assess for fluid filled structures as seen in a pyometra or scan for free fluid. During the primary survey several diagnostic and interventions can be performed to aid the practitioner in establishing appropriate treatments and/or lead to a diagnosis. Following the primary survey and initial resuscitation (if indicated), a more complete evaluation of the patient should be performed, this is the secondary survey. During the secondary survey the patient is reassessed looking at all body systems and reassess response to therapy. Triage requires trained staff to make accurate assessments to identify life-threatening emergencies. The use of established protocols and staff training can improve patient outcomes. RuysL.J., Gunning M., Teske E., Evaluation of a veterinary triage list modified from a human five-point system in 485 dogs and cats, J Vet Emerg Crit Care, 2012; 22(3)303-312. 2. Mackway-Jones K, Marsden J, Windle J. Emergency Triage, Manchester Triage Group, 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing LTD.; 2006. 3. References 1. Weltman J. G, Prittie J.E, The influence of a fast-track service on case flow and client satisfaction in a high-volume veterinary emergency department, J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2021:31(5):608-618. 4. Silverstein D., Hopper K. Small Animal Critical Care Medicine. 2nd Ed. St. Louis: Elsevier, 2015, Chapter 1: p. 1-5.
5. Lisciandro GR. Abdominal and thoracic focused assessment with sonography for trauma, triage and monitoring in small animals. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2011;21(2):104-122. 6. Creedon J., Davis H. Advanced Monitoring and Procedures for Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012, Chapter 1: p. 5-10. 7. MCMurray J, Boysen S, Chalhoub S. Focused assessment with sonography in non traumatized dogs and cats in the emergency and critical care setting. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2016:26(1):64-73.
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