Calculus Volume 1

Chapter 1 | Functions and Graphs

103

Figure 1.47 Graphs of y = log b ( x ) are depicted for b =2, e , 10.

Before solving some equations involving exponential and logarithmic functions, let’s review the basic properties of logarithms.

Rule: Properties of Logarithms If a , b , c >0, b ≠1, and r is any real number, then 1.

log b ( ac ) = log b ( a )+log b ( c ) (Product property)

⎛ ⎝ a c

⎞ ⎠ = log b ( a )−log b ( c )

2. 3.

log b

(Quotient property) (Power property)

r ) = r log

log b ( a

b ( a )

Example 1.36 Solving Equations Involving Exponential Functions

Solve each of the following equations for x . a. 5 x =2 b. e x +6 e − x =5

Solution a. Applying the natural logarithm function to both sides of the equation, we have ln5 x = ln2.

Using the power property of logarithms,

x ln5= ln2.

Therefore, x = ln2/ln5. b. Multiplying both sides of the equation by e x , we arrive at the equation e 2 x +6=5 e x .

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