Calculus Volume 1

Chapter 3 | Derivatives

283

Find the slope of the line tangent to the graph of f ( x ) = tan x at x = π 6 .

3.30

Higher-Order Derivatives The higher-order derivatives of sin x and cos x follow a repeating pattern. By following the pattern, we can find any higher-order derivative of sin x and cos x . Example 3.45 Finding Higher-Order Derivatives of y =sin x

Find the first four derivatives of y = sin x .

Solution Each step in the chain is straightforward:

y = sin x

dy dx = cos

x

d 2 y dx 2 d 3 y dx 3 d 4 y dx 4

= −sin x

= −cos x

= sin x .

Analysis Once we recognize the pattern of derivatives, we can find any higher-order derivative by determining the step in the pattern to which it corresponds. For example, every fourth derivative of sin x equals sin x , so d 4 dx 4 (sin x ) = d 8 dx 8 (sin x ) = d 12 dx 12 (sin x ) =…= d 4 n dx 4 n (sin x ) = sin x d 5 dx 5 (sin x ) = d 9 dx 9 (sin x ) = d 13 dx 13 (sin x ) =…= d 4 n +1 dx 4 n +1 (sin x ) =cos x .

d 4 y dx 4

3.31

For y =cos x , find

.

Example 3.46 Using the Pattern for Higher-Order Derivatives of y =sin x

74 dx 74

Find d

(sin x ).

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