Calculus Volume 1

600

Chapter 5 | Integration

Example 5.43 Fruit Fly Population Growth

Suppose a population of fruit flies increases at a rate of g ( t ) =2 e 0.02 t , in flies per day. If the initial population of fruit flies is 100 flies, how many flies are in the population after 10 days? Solution Let G ( t ) represent the number of flies in the population at time t . Applying the net change theorem, we have

G (10) = G (0)+ ∫ 0 10

2 e 0.02 t dt

⎦ | 0 10

⎡ ⎣ 2

e 0.02 t ⎤

10

=100+

0.02

⎦ | 0

⎡ ⎣ 100 e 0.02 t ⎤

=100+

=100+100 e 0.2 −100 ≈122.

There are 122 flies in the population after 10 days.

5.36 Suppose the rate of growth of the fly population is given by g ( t ) = e 0.01 t , and the initial fly population is 100 flies. How many flies are in the population after 15 days?

Example 5.44 Evaluating a Definite Integral Using Substitution Evaluate the definite integral using substitution: ⌠ ⌡ 1 2 e 1/ x x 2 dx .

Solution This problem requires some rewriting to simplify applying the properties. First, rewrite the exponent on e as a power of x , then bring the x 2 in the denominator up to the numerator using a negative exponent. We have ⌠ ⌡ 1 2 e 1/ x x 2 dx = ∫ 1 2 e x −1 x −2 dx . Let u = x −1 , the exponent on e . Then du =− x −2 dx − du = x −2 dx . Bringing the negative sign outside the integral sign, the problem now reads

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