Calculus Volume 1

Chapter 5 | Integration

601

− ∫ e u du .

Next, change the limits of integration:

u = (1) −1 =1 u = (2) −1 = 1 2 .

Notice that now the limits begin with the larger number, meaning we must multiply by −1 and interchange the limits. Thus,

1/2

1/2 1

− ∫

e u du = ∫

e u du

1

= e u |

1/2 1

= e − e 1/2 = e − e .

Evaluate the definite integral using substitution: ⌠ ⌡ 1 2 1 x 3 e 4 x −2 dx .

5.37

Integrals Involving Logarithmic Functions Integrating functions of the form f ( x ) = x −1 result in the absolute value of the natural log function, as shown in the following rule. Integral formulas for other logarithmic functions, such as f ( x ) = ln x and f ( x ) = log a x , are also included in the rule.

Rule: Integration Formulas Involving Logarithmic Functions The following formulas can be used to evaluate integrals involving logarithmic functions.

(5.22)

∫ x −1 dx = ln| x | + C ∫ ln xdx = x ln x − x + C = x (ln x −1)+ C ∫ log a xdx = x ln a (ln x −1)+ C

Example 5.45 Finding an Antiderivative Involving ln x

3 x −10 .

Find the antiderivative of the function

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